Provided herein are lipids that can be used in combination with other lipid components, such as neutral lipids, cholesterol and polymer conjugated lipids, to form lipid nanoparticles for delivery of therapeutic agents (e.g., nucleic acid molecules) for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes, including vaccination.

Described herein are compounds and compositions characterized, in certain embodiments, by conjugation of various groups, such as lipophilic groups, to an amino or amide group of an amino acid, a linear or cyclic peptide, a linear or cyclic polypeptide, or structural isomer thereof, to provide compounds of the present invention, collectively referred to herein as “APPLs”. Such APPLs are deemed useful for a variety of applications, such as, for example, improved nucleotide delivery. Exemplary APPLs include, but are not limited to, compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), and (VI), and salts thereof, as described herein: ##STR00001##
wherein m, n, p, R′, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, Z, W, Y, and Z are as defined herein.

Described herein are compounds and compositions characterized, in certain embodiments, by conjugation of various groups, such as lipophilic groups, to an amino or amide group of an amino acid, a linear or cyclic peptide, a linear or cyclic polypeptide, or structural isomer thereof, to provide compounds of the present invention, collectively referred to herein as “APPLs”. Such APPLs are deemed useful for a variety of applications, such as, for example, improved nucleotide delivery. Exemplary APPLs include, but are not limited to, compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), and (VI), and salts thereof, as described herein: ##STR00001##
wherein m, n, p, R′, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, Z, W, Y, and Z are as defined herein.

What is described is a compound of formula (1) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbon atoms; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or form a heterocycle with N; X.sub.1 is a bond, or is —CO—O— whereby L.sub.2-CO—O—R.sub.2 is formed; X.sub.2 is S or O; L.sub.3 is a bond or a lower alkyl, or form a heterocycle with N; R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

What is described is a compound of formula (1) ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbon atoms; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or form a heterocycle with N; X.sub.1 is a bond, or is —CO—O— whereby L.sub.2-CO—O—R.sub.2 is formed; X.sub.2 is S or O; L.sub.3 is a bond or a lower alkyl, or form a heterocycle with N; R.sub.3 is a lower alkyl; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I): (I) as defined in the description. The present invention also relates to a method for extracting biological membrane-associated membrane proteins, comprising a step of bringing an aqueous solution of biological membrane-associated membrane proteins into contact with at least one compound of the invention. The present invention also relates to a method for stabilizing membrane proteins in solution in an aqueous solution, comprising a step (i) consisting in bringing an aqueous solution of a membrane protein in solution into contact with at least one compound of the invention.

This invention relates to a wax composition comprising a plurality of fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (I):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, m.sub.1, and m.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a wax composition comprising: a) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (II):

##STR00002##

and b) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (III):

##STR00003##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, and n.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a fatty acid amide compound having the Formula (I) and a process for preparing a compound of Formula (I).

This invention relates to a wax composition comprising a plurality of fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (I):

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, m.sub.1, and m.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a wax composition comprising: a) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (II):

##STR00002##

and b) one or more fatty acid amide compounds having the Formula (III):

##STR00003##

where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, n.sub.1, and n.sub.2 are as described herein. This invention also relates to a fatty acid amide compound having the Formula (I) and a process for preparing a compound of Formula (I).

The present disclosure provides a method for photocleavage of an amide bond, the method has mild reaction conditions and can realize the cleavage of amide bonds by using light. The method comprises the following steps: subjecting 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene to a reaction with an amino group of a substance represented by structural formula I with an α-amino acid at the end to produce a compound 1 represented by structural formula II; then under light irradiation, subjecting the compound 1 to a cleavage reaction of amide bond;

##STR00001##

Wherein, R1 is the side chain group of α-amino acid; R2 is: aryl, aliphatic hydrocarbon, —CH(R)—COOH or polypeptide.

The present disclosure provides a method for photocleavage of an amide bond, the method has mild reaction conditions and can realize the cleavage of amide bonds by using light. The method comprises the following steps: subjecting 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene to a reaction with an amino group of a substance represented by structural formula I with an α-amino acid at the end to produce a compound 1 represented by structural formula II; then under light irradiation, subjecting the compound 1 to a cleavage reaction of amide bond;

##STR00001##

Wherein, R1 is the side chain group of α-amino acid; R2 is: aryl, aliphatic hydrocarbon, —CH(R)—COOH or polypeptide.