Robotic surgical systems configured to control the movement and actuation of a single robotic arm, and the movement and actuation of multiple tools carried at a distal end of the robotic arm.

A system includes a surgical instrument configured to perform a laparoscopic surgical operation, a location sensor configured to identify a spatial relationship between an anatomical structure and the surgical instrument, and a processor configured to receive a graphical representation of a patient, determine proximity of the distal end portion of the surgical instrument with the anatomical structure of the patient based on the spatial relationship, and generate a warning based on the determination of proximity.

A system includes a surgical instrument configured to perform a laparoscopic surgical operation, a location sensor configured to identify a spatial relationship between an anatomical structure and the surgical instrument, and a processor configured to receive a graphical representation of a patient, determine proximity of the distal end portion of the surgical instrument with the anatomical structure of the patient based on the spatial relationship, and generate a warning based on the determination of proximity.

Infrared imaging devices are provided which are configured to implement side-scan infrared imaging for, e.g., medical applications. For example, an imaging device includes a ring-shaped detector element comprising a circular array of infrared detectors configured to detect thermal infrared radiation, and a focusing element configured to focus incident infrared radiation towards the circular array of infrared detectors. The imaging device can be an ingestible imaging device (e.g., swallowable camera) or the imaging device can be implemented as part of an endoscope device, for example.

Infrared imaging devices are provided which are configured to implement side-scan infrared imaging for, e.g., medical applications. For example, an imaging device includes a ring-shaped detector element comprising a circular array of infrared detectors configured to detect thermal infrared radiation, and a focusing element configured to focus incident infrared radiation towards the circular array of infrared detectors. The imaging device can be an ingestible imaging device (e.g., swallowable camera) or the imaging device can be implemented as part of an endoscope device, for example.

An optical transmission module includes a light emitting device for transmitting a first optical signal, a light receiving device for receiving a second optical signal, an optical fiber for guiding a third optical signal in which the first optical signal and the second optical signal are coupled, and an optical waveguide substrate having an optical waveguide made of first resin, wherein a groove formed on the optical waveguide substrate is provided with a prism having the optical fiber and a reflective face through which the first optical signal transmit, a first side face of the prism contacts a first wall face of the groove, and a second side face thereof contacts a second wall face of the groove.

An optical transmission module includes a light emitting device for transmitting a first optical signal, a light receiving device for receiving a second optical signal, an optical fiber for guiding a third optical signal in which the first optical signal and the second optical signal are coupled, and an optical waveguide substrate having an optical waveguide made of first resin, wherein a groove formed on the optical waveguide substrate is provided with a prism having the optical fiber and a reflective face through which the first optical signal transmit, a first side face of the prism contacts a first wall face of the groove, and a second side face thereof contacts a second wall face of the groove.

An optical transmission module is configured such that: a first optical device is provided on an upper surface of an optical waveguide substrate; a second optical device is provided on a lower surface of the optical waveguide substrate; a V-groove is formed on an end face of the optical waveguide substrate, the V-groove including a first reflective face and a second reflective face as wall faces; the first optical device is optically coupled with an optical waveguide via the first reflective face; and the second optical device is optically coupled with the optical waveguide via the second reflective face.

An optical transmission module includes a substrate having an opening portion; an optical element closing an opening on the lower surface side of the substrate and converting an electric signal into an optical signal or the optical signal into the electric signal; an optical fiber transmitting the optical signal; a ferrule closing an opening on the upper surface side of the substrate and having an optical fiber insertion hole; and a resin filled into a space surrounded at least by the substrate, the optical element, the ferrule, and a distal end of the optical fiber, wherein the ferrule has a resin filling hole spaced apart from the optical fiber insertion hole to fill the space with the resin, and an angle formed by an axis of the optical fiber insertion hole and an axis of the resin filling hole is equal to or more than 0° and less than 90°.

An optical transmission module includes a substrate having an opening portion; an optical element closing an opening on the lower surface side of the substrate and converting an electric signal into an optical signal or the optical signal into the electric signal; an optical fiber transmitting the optical signal; a ferrule closing an opening on the upper surface side of the substrate and having an optical fiber insertion hole; and a resin filled into a space surrounded at least by the substrate, the optical element, the ferrule, and a distal end of the optical fiber, wherein the ferrule has a resin filling hole spaced apart from the optical fiber insertion hole to fill the space with the resin, and an angle formed by an axis of the optical fiber insertion hole and an axis of the resin filling hole is equal to or more than 0° and less than 90°.