An electrolyte, including: a compound of Formula I, and at least one of a compound of Formula II or a compound of Formula III, ##STR00001##
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryloxy, wherein when substituted, the substituent is fluoro, cyano or C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl; and a, d and f are each independently selected from an integer from 1 to 5, and b, c, e, g, h and i are each independently selected from an integer from 0 to 5.

An electrolyte, including: a compound of Formula I, and at least one of a compound of Formula II or a compound of Formula III, ##STR00001##
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, fluoro, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.10 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryloxy, wherein when substituted, the substituent is fluoro, cyano or C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl; and a, d and f are each independently selected from an integer from 1 to 5, and b, c, e, g, h and i are each independently selected from an integer from 0 to 5.

A process for preparing azelaic acid is disclosed. In particular, the process for preparing azelaic acid is an ozone free process. The process for preparing azelaic acid comprises a step of decarboxylation of tetra-carboxylic acid in the presence of a organic sulfonic acid.

A process for preparing azelaic acid is disclosed. In particular, the process for preparing azelaic acid is an ozone free process. The process for preparing azelaic acid comprises a step of decarboxylation of tetra-carboxylic acid in the presence of a organic sulfonic acid.

The present invention relates to the formation of a stable dianionic π-dimer-[TCNE].sub.2.sup.2− (TCNE-tetracyanoethylene) at ambient conditions that exhibits unusually intense white emission over the entire visible spectral range (400-800 nm) and has application in designing white light emitting devices. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable dimer in an organic solvent upon aging at room temperature, in the presence of anions such as Br−, Cl−, SCN−, which reduces the TCNE to a TCNE anion radical (TCNE..sup.−) which subsequently dimerizes to form the stable dianionic dimer upon aging. More particularly, the dimer formed in this invention opens a new class of materials to design white light emitting devices having high intensity over the entire visible spectral range. The dimer also forms electron transfer salts used to develop new molecule-based metals, superconductors, and magnets.

The present invention relates to the formation of a stable dianionic π-dimer-[TCNE].sub.2.sup.2− (TCNE-tetracyanoethylene) at ambient conditions that exhibits unusually intense white emission over the entire visible spectral range (400-800 nm) and has application in designing white light emitting devices. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable dimer in an organic solvent upon aging at room temperature, in the presence of anions such as Br−, Cl−, SCN−, which reduces the TCNE to a TCNE anion radical (TCNE..sup.−) which subsequently dimerizes to form the stable dianionic dimer upon aging. More particularly, the dimer formed in this invention opens a new class of materials to design white light emitting devices having high intensity over the entire visible spectral range. The dimer also forms electron transfer salts used to develop new molecule-based metals, superconductors, and magnets.

A process for producing a TCH stream, the process comprising: separating, in a first column, an adiponitrile process stream comprising TCH and optionally adiponitrile, to form an adiponitrile stream comprising greater than 5 wt. % adiponitrile and a first TCH stream comprising TCH, and optionally a heavies stream comprising high-boiling components and solid impurities; and optionally purifying the first TCH stream, via one or more columns, to form a purified TCH stream comprising greater than 50 wt. % TCH; wherein the first column is operated at a pressure drop less than 25 mmHg.

A process for producing a TCH stream, the process comprising: separating, in a first column, an adiponitrile process stream comprising TCH and optionally adiponitrile, to form an adiponitrile stream comprising greater than 5 wt. % adiponitrile and a first TCH stream comprising TCH, and optionally a heavies stream comprising high-boiling components and solid impurities; and optionally purifying the first TCH stream, via one or more columns, to form a purified TCH stream comprising greater than 50 wt. % TCH; wherein the first column is operated at a pressure drop less than 25 mmHg.

A process for producing a TCH stream, the process comprising: separating, in a first column, an adiponitrile process stream comprising TCH and optionally adiponitrile, to form an adiponitrile stream comprising greater than 5 wt. % adiponitrile and a first TCH stream comprising TCH, and optionally a heavies stream comprising high-boiling components and solid impurities; and optionally purifying the first TCH stream, via one or more columns, to form a purified TCH stream comprising greater than 50 wt. % TCH; wherein the first column is operated at a pressure drop less than 25 mmHg.

A process for producing an intermediate adiponitrile stream, the process comprising separating an adiponitrile process stream comprising less than 50 wt % adiponitrile, and optionally TCH, to form the intermediate adiponitrile stream comprising at least 5 wt % adiponitrile and a heavies stream comprising high-boiling components and optionally solid impurities; and optionally utilizing at least a portion of the intermediate adiponitrile stream outside of the process.