The present application provides an electrolyte and an electrochemical device. The electrolyte according to the present application comprises a carboxylate, a barbituric acid compound and a nitrile compound. Adding a barbituric acid compound and a nitrile compound of particular structure to an electrolyte containing a carboxylate solvent can significantly improve the rate performance of an electrochemical device, and mitigate capacity loss after storage at room temperature, and cycle fading and gas generation at high-temperature of the electrochemical device.

A method for preparing an acrylonitrile dimer according to the present disclosure makes it is possible to efficiently recover an acrylonitrile dimerization catalyst while reducing the process load.

A method for preparing an acrylonitrile dimer according to the present disclosure makes it is possible to efficiently recover an acrylonitrile dimerization catalyst while reducing the process load.

A compound of formula (I) wherein: M is selected from Mo or W; X is selected from O or NR.sup.5; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and aryl; C.sub.1-6 alkyl and aryl optionally being substituted with one or more of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, and OC.sub.6H.sub.5; R.sup.3 is selected from a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle being bound to M via said nitrogen; and from halogen; R.sup.4 is an aryl oxy group being bound to M via said oxygen of said aryl oxy group; wherein said aryl group Ar of said aryl oxy group is bound to a group Cat such to form a cationic ligand Cat.sup.+-ZArO, wherein Z is either a covalent bond or a linker; R.sup.5 is alkyl or aryl, optionally substituted.

##STR00001##

A compound of formula (I) wherein: M is selected from Mo or W; X is selected from O or NR.sup.5; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, and aryl; C.sub.1-6 alkyl and aryl optionally being substituted with one or more of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, and OC.sub.6H.sub.5; R.sup.3 is selected from a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle being bound to M via said nitrogen; and from halogen; R.sup.4 is an aryl oxy group being bound to M via said oxygen of said aryl oxy group; wherein said aryl group Ar of said aryl oxy group is bound to a group Cat such to form a cationic ligand Cat.sup.+-ZArO, wherein Z is either a covalent bond or a linker; R.sup.5 is alkyl or aryl, optionally substituted.

##STR00001##

The present application provides an electrolyte and an electrochemical device. The electrolyte according to the present application comprises a carboxylate, a barbituric acid compound and a nitrile compound. Adding a barbituric acid compound and a nitrile compound of particular structure to an electrolyte containing a carboxylate solvent can significantly improve the rate performance of an electrochemical device, and mitigate capacity loss after storage at room temperature, and cycle fading and gas generation at high-temperature of the electrochemical device.

The present application provides an electrolyte and an electrochemical device. The electrolyte according to the present application comprises a carboxylate, a barbituric acid compound and a nitrile compound. Adding a barbituric acid compound and a nitrile compound of particular structure to an electrolyte containing a carboxylate solvent can significantly improve the rate performance of an electrochemical device, and mitigate capacity loss after storage at room temperature, and cycle fading and gas generation at high-temperature of the electrochemical device.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte additive, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including the same and a lithium secondary battery, and particularly, to a non-aqueous electrolyte additive having a nitrile group and a propargyl group, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery, which include the non-aqueous electrolyte additive so that capacity and cycle lifespan characteristics at high temperature can be improved.

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte additive, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including the same and a lithium secondary battery, and particularly, to a non-aqueous electrolyte additive having a nitrile group and a propargyl group, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery, which include the non-aqueous electrolyte additive so that capacity and cycle lifespan characteristics at high temperature can be improved.

A substrate treatment method includes: overlaying a film on a surface of a substrate which includes a first region including a metal atom in a surface layer thereof, using a directed self-assembling material which contains a compound having no less than 6 carbon atoms and including at least one cyano group. After the overlaying, the film on a region other than the first region is removed. After the removing, a pattern principally containing a metal oxide is formed by an Atomic Layer Deposition process or a Chemical Vapor Deposition process on the region other than the first region, of the surface of the substrate.