A substrate treatment method includes: overlaying a film on a surface of a substrate which includes a first region including a metal atom in a surface layer thereof, using a directed self-assembling material which contains a compound having no less than 6 carbon atoms and including at least one cyano group. After the overlaying, the film on a region other than the first region is removed. After the removing, a pattern principally containing a metal oxide is formed by an Atomic Layer Deposition process or a Chemical Vapor Deposition process on the region other than the first region, of the surface of the substrate.

A photoacid generator compound having Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein, EWG, Y, R, and M.sup.+ are the same as described in the specification.

A photoacid generator compound having Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein, EWG, Y, R, and M.sup.+ are the same as described in the specification.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to methods for preparation of intermediates useful for the preparation of aryl-cycloheptene scaffolds. In a further aspect, the disclosed methods pertain to the preparation of compounds comprising an aryl-cycloheptene structure. The disclosed methods utilize abundant starting materials and simple reaction sequences that can be used to modularly and scalably assemble common such cores. In various aspects, the present disclosure pertains to compounds prepared using the disclosed methods. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to methods for preparation of intermediates useful for the preparation of aryl-cycloheptene scaffolds. In a further aspect, the disclosed methods pertain to the preparation of compounds comprising an aryl-cycloheptene structure. The disclosed methods utilize abundant starting materials and simple reaction sequences that can be used to modularly and scalably assemble common such cores. In various aspects, the present disclosure pertains to compounds prepared using the disclosed methods. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present invention relates to a method for performing a condensation reaction by heterogeneous catalysis using a surface-reacted calcium carbonate catalyst and the use of a dry surface-reacted calcium carbonate as a catalyst. The condensation reaction involves reacting a first substrate comprising a CO double bond and a second substrate comprising an activated hydrogen to obtain a reaction mixture comprising one or more condensation products and one or more condensation byproducts.

The present invention relates to a method for performing a condensation reaction by heterogeneous catalysis using a surface-reacted calcium carbonate catalyst and the use of a dry surface-reacted calcium carbonate as a catalyst. The condensation reaction involves reacting a first substrate comprising a CO double bond and a second substrate comprising an activated hydrogen to obtain a reaction mixture comprising one or more condensation products and one or more condensation byproducts.

The present invention relates to new malodour-counteracting agents of formula (I) or stereoisomers thereof, particularly useful in blocking the olfactory perception of androstenone, Formula (I), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and X have the same meaning as that defined in the claims. The present invention also relates to consumer products comprising said agents. The present invention also relates to the use of said agents to suppress or attenuate undesirable odour, as well as to methods to suppress or attenuate undesirable odour employing said compounds.

##STR00001##

A composition comprising a ternary intermetallic compound X.sub.2YZ, wherein X, Y, and Z are different from one another; X being selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pd; Y being selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, and Ni; and Z being selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, Zn, and Sb; wherein the ternary intermetallic compound is supported on a porous oxidic support material. The composition may be prepared by providing a liquid mixture of sources of X, Y, and Z, and the porous oxidic support material, removing the liquid and heating the resulting mixture in a reducing atmosphere. The composition is useful as catalyst.

A composition comprising a ternary intermetallic compound X.sub.2YZ, wherein X, Y, and Z are different from one another; X being selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pd; Y being selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, and Ni; and Z being selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Ga, Ge, In, Sn, Zn, and Sb; wherein the ternary intermetallic compound is supported on a porous oxidic support material. The composition may be prepared by providing a liquid mixture of sources of X, Y, and Z, and the porous oxidic support material, removing the liquid and heating the resulting mixture in a reducing atmosphere. The composition is useful as catalyst.