Methods of CH bond fluorination using non-heme manganese catalyst are described herein. For example, a method comprises providing a reaction mixture including a non-heme manganese catalyst, a substrate comprising an sp.sup.3 CH bond and a fluorinating agent and converting the sp.sup.3 CH bond to a CF bond in the presence of the non-heme manganese catalyst or a derivative thereof.

This charge-transporting material, which includes a charge-transporting substance, halo-tetracyanoquinodimethane, and a complexing agent comprising an amide compound such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, for example, and capable of forming a complex with halo-tetracyanoquinodimethane, and in which the halo-tetracyanoquinodimethane and complexing agent form a complex, makes it possible to provide a thin film having excellent charge-transporting properties and to realize an organic EL element having low drive voltage when said thin film is applied to a hole injection layer.

This charge-transporting material, which includes a charge-transporting substance, halo-tetracyanoquinodimethane, and a complexing agent comprising an amide compound such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, for example, and capable of forming a complex with halo-tetracyanoquinodimethane, and in which the halo-tetracyanoquinodimethane and complexing agent form a complex, makes it possible to provide a thin film having excellent charge-transporting properties and to realize an organic EL element having low drive voltage when said thin film is applied to a hole injection layer.

The present invention relates to a process for labeling compounds comprising thiol moieties with 3-arylpropiolonitrile compounds, to 3-arylpropiolonitrile compounds substituted with tag moieties and to specific 3-arylpropiolonitrile linkers.

The present invention relates to a process for labeling compounds comprising thiol moieties with 3-arylpropiolonitrile compounds, to 3-arylpropiolonitrile compounds substituted with tag moieties and to specific 3-arylpropiolonitrile linkers.

The present application relates to a compound and an organic electronic device including the same.

Provided are processes for preparing an electrically doped semiconducting material that includes a [3]-radialene p-dopant. Also provided are processes for preparing an electronic device containing a layer that includes a [3]-radialene p-dopant. The processes may include (i) loading an evaporation source with a [3]-radialene p-dopant and (ii) evaporating the [3]-radialene p-dopant at an elevated temperature and at a reduced pressure. The [3]-radialene p-dopant may be selected from compounds having a structure according to formula (I) herein.

An organic electroluminescence device comprising an anode, a hole-injecting layer, a hole-transporting layer, an emitting layer and a cathode in this order, wherein the hole-transporting layer comprises a compound represented by the following formula (1), and the hole-injecting layer comprises a compound represented by the following formula (100). Wherein in the formula (100), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are independently the following formula (a) or (b).

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Method of improving the performance and safety of a Li-ion battery. The method includes using a nitrile-based small organic compound of general formula I, V or IX outlined in the application in association with the electrolyte of the battery. An electrolyte including a nitrile-based small organic compound. A battery including the electrolyte.

The present disclosure relates to an organic compound and an electroluminescent device. The organic compound has the structure as shown in formula (1), which can be used in an organic electroluminescent device as a hole injection layer material.

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