To provide a photopolymerization sensitizer which will not cause problems of dusting or coloring of a cured product by bleeding of additives such as the photopolymerization sensitizer on the surface e.g. by blooming at the time of photo-curing or during storage of the cured product, and which imparts a practically sufficient photo-curing rate. An oligomer of a 9,10-bis(substituted oxy)anthracene compound having repeating units represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein n represents a repetition number and is from 2 to 50, each of X and Y which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group or a halogen atom, and A is a bivalent substituent.

The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein L represents an oxygen atom or CH.sub.2, E represents a C2-C10 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.1 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, R.sup.2 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group or the like, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.] or its N oxide or agriculturally acceptable salt, which is a compound that have excellent pests controlling effects.

##STR00001##

Described are methods of treating or preventing a disease in a subject treatable by modulating cell mechanics. The method includes administering to a subject having or at risk for such a disease a pharmaceutical composition. comprising an agent selected from the group comprising a salt, solvate, or stereoisomer of compound (VIII) or its derivatives or a mixture of their constituents, where the compound has the formula: ##STR00001##

Described are methods of treating or preventing a disease in a subject treatable by modulating cell mechanics. The method includes administering to a subject having or at risk for such a disease a pharmaceutical composition. comprising an agent selected from the group comprising a salt, solvate, or stereoisomer of compound (VIII) or its derivatives or a mixture of their constituents, where the compound has the formula: ##STR00001##

The present invention provides methods for inhibiting respiratory complex III in a cell. The present invention also provides methods for treating cancer in a subject.

The present invention provides methods for inhibiting respiratory complex III in a cell. The present invention also provides methods for treating cancer in a subject.

The present invention provides a method for producing a carbamate that includes a step (1) and a step (2) described below: (1) a step of producing a compound (A) having a urea linkage, using an organic primary amine having at least one primary amino group per molecule and at least one compound selected from among carbon dioxide and carbonic acid derivatives, at a temperature lower than the thermal dissociation temperature of the urea linkage; and (2) a step of reacting the compound (A) with a carbonate ester to produce a carbamate.

The present invention provides a method for producing a carbamate that includes a step (1) and a step (2) described below: (1) a step of producing a compound (A) having a urea linkage, using an organic primary amine having at least one primary amino group per molecule and at least one compound selected from among carbon dioxide and carbonic acid derivatives, at a temperature lower than the thermal dissociation temperature of the urea linkage; and (2) a step of reacting the compound (A) with a carbonate ester to produce a carbamate.

A method is provided for collecting a compound of formula (III) (in which R31 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n31 is an integer of 1 to 3) from a liquid phase component that is formed as a by-product in a method for producing a compound of general formula (I) (in which R11 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n 11 is an integer of 1 to 3), wherein the collection method contains steps (1) to (3) or steps (A) and (B), and step (4). Step (1): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with at least one active hydrogen-containing compound in a reactor. Step (2): a step for returning a condensed liquid obtained by cooling gas phase components in the reactor to the reactor. Step (3): a step for discharging gas phase components that are not condensed in the step (2) to the outside of the reactor. Step (A): a step for mixing the liquid phase component, water, and a compound of general formula (III). Step (B): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with water inside the reactor. Step (4): a step for discharging, as a liquid phase component inside the reactor, the reaction liquid containing the compound of general formula (III) to the outside of the reactor.

R.sup.11NCO).sub.n11  (I)

R.sup.31NH.sub.2).sub.n31  (III)

A method is provided for collecting a compound of formula (III) (in which R31 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n31 is an integer of 1 to 3) from a liquid phase component that is formed as a by-product in a method for producing a compound of general formula (I) (in which R11 is a monovalent to trivalent organic group and n 11 is an integer of 1 to 3), wherein the collection method contains steps (1) to (3) or steps (A) and (B), and step (4). Step (1): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with at least one active hydrogen-containing compound in a reactor. Step (2): a step for returning a condensed liquid obtained by cooling gas phase components in the reactor to the reactor. Step (3): a step for discharging gas phase components that are not condensed in the step (2) to the outside of the reactor. Step (A): a step for mixing the liquid phase component, water, and a compound of general formula (III). Step (B): a step for reacting the liquid phase component with water inside the reactor. Step (4): a step for discharging, as a liquid phase component inside the reactor, the reaction liquid containing the compound of general formula (III) to the outside of the reactor.

R.sup.11NCO).sub.n11  (I)

R.sup.31NH.sub.2).sub.n31  (III)