The present invention relates to the use of cations or compounds forming stable cations in the production of alkane sulfonic acids as well as methods to produce methane sulfonic acids employing the cations as catalyst.

Compositions comprising one or more amphiphilic compounds formed from vinylidene olefins may comprise: a reaction product of one or more vinylidene olefins, in which the reaction product comprises a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion comprising a polar head group bonded to the hydrophobic portion. The one or more vinylidene olefins each comprise a vinylidene group that undergoes a reaction to become saturated and to produce at least part of the hydrophobic portion.

Compositions comprising one or more amphiphilic compounds formed from vinylidene olefins may comprise: a reaction product of one or more vinylidene olefins, in which the reaction product comprises a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion comprising a polar head group bonded to the hydrophobic portion. The one or more vinylidene olefins each comprise a vinylidene group that undergoes a reaction to become saturated and to produce at least part of the hydrophobic portion.

A process for manufacturing of an alkanesulfonic acid, and an alkanesulfonic acid manufactured by the process. Aspects of the process may involve manufacturing an alkanesulfonic acid by reaction of an initiator composition with an alkane and sulfur trioxide by preparing an initiator composition by reacting aqueous hydrogen peroxide with alkanesulfonic acid and/or H.sub.2SO.sub.4; and reacting the initiator composition with sulfur trioxide and alkane to form an alkanesulfonic acid, wherein an alkane with a purity of at least 98.0 mol-% is used.

A process for manufacturing of an alkanesulfonic acid, and an alkanesulfonic acid manufactured by the process. Aspects of the process may involve manufacturing an alkanesulfonic acid by reaction of an initiator composition with an alkane and sulfur trioxide by preparing an initiator composition by reacting aqueous hydrogen peroxide with alkanesulfonic acid and/or H.sub.2SO.sub.4; and reacting the initiator composition with sulfur trioxide and alkane to form an alkanesulfonic acid, wherein an alkane with a purity of at least 98.0 mol-% is used.

The present disclosure, in general, relates to portable/transportable apparatuses, methods, and systems for generating and delivering sulfur trioxide on-site or near an item to be treated. The present disclosure also relates to portable/transportable apparatuses, methods, and systems or extracting hydrocarbons from deposits containing a clathrate hydrate such as methane hydrates.

The present disclosure, in general, relates to portable/transportable apparatuses, methods, and systems for generating and delivering sulfur trioxide on-site or near an item to be treated. The present disclosure also relates to portable/transportable apparatuses, methods, and systems or extracting hydrocarbons from deposits containing a clathrate hydrate such as methane hydrates.

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing of anhydrous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and to methanesulfonic acid manufactured by said process and its uses.

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing of anhydrous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and to methanesulfonic acid manufactured by said process and its uses.

The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula C, Formula D, or Formula F: ##STR00001## wherein each R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 is independently H, SF.sub.5, N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), C(═S)N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), SO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), OSO.sub.2N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), N(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl)SO.sub.2(C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl), or C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.10 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.14 cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.10 alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 halocycloalkoxy, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylthio, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenylsulfonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylthio, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfinyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkynylsulfonyl, or phenyl; or two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 on adjacent ring atoms may be taken together to form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, each ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 2 O, up to 2 S, and up to 3 N, wherein up to 2 carbon atom ring members are independently selected from C(═O) and C(═S) and such ring is optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 haloalkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.7 halocycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 haloalkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.4-C.sub.8 halocycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 haloalkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkylcarbonyl and C.sub.2-C.sub.6 haloalkylcarbonyl; and M is an inorganic cation or organic cation.