A surgical access assembly comprises a trocar and a surgical instrument. The trocar comprises a housing and an access tube extending distally from the housing. The housing comprises a hollow light emitter. The housing and the access tube define a lumen extending through the housing and the access tube. The hollow light emitter is configured to project light in the lumen. The surgical instrument comprises an end effector and a shaft extending proximally from the end effector. The shaft comprises an optical receiver positioned within reach of the light from the hollow light emitter. The shaft further comprises a light guide extending from the optical receiver along at least a portion of the shaft toward the end effector.

In various embodiments, a scope-based imaging system is introduced. An optical sensor assembly located at the tip of the scope may include the CMOS sensors, filters, and lenses/mirrors, to perform fluorescence imaging using the scope.

This optical scanning endoscope apparatus can correct the white balance even when bending occurs in the illumination fiber. An optical scanning endoscope apparatus includes an illumination fiber that guides illumination light composed of RGB wavelengths (colors), an actuator that drives the tip of the illumination fiber and repeatedly scans the illumination light over an object, a photodetector that detects light obtained from the object by scanning of the illumination light, a signal processor that generates an image based on output of the photodetector, and a light amount detector for white balance that detects the light amount of light of RGB wavelengths from a portion of the illumination light guided by the illumination fiber. Based on the light amount of light of each of the RGB wavelengths detected by the light amount detector for white balance, the controller adjusts the white balance of the generated image.

This optical scanning method yields a high quality image regardless of the size of the scanning area. An emission end of an optical fiber is displaced two-dimensionally to scan light emitted from the optical fiber, the emission end being displaced by an optical scanning actuator that includes a first driver and a second driver for driving the emission end in different directions. A non-circular scanning area is scanned by controlling, with a driver controller, a first drive signal supplied to the first driver and a second drive signal supplied to the second driver so as to rotate a scanning pattern of the light, while causing the scanning pattern to reciprocate repeatedly in a nearly parallel manner, and to change a length of the scanning pattern in accordance with a rotation angle of the scanning pattern.

A color image sensor captures a reflected image of narrowband light having a wavelength range in which an extinction coefficient varies with a change in an oxygen saturation level of hemoglobin in blood. Thereby a first blue signal, a first green signal, and a first red signal are obtained. The color image sensor captures a reflected image of white light. Thereby a second blue signal, a second green signal, and a second red signal are obtained. Only an oxygen saturation level, out of two or more types of biological functional information including a blood volume and the oxygen saturation level, is obtained based on the first blue signal, the second green signal, and the second red signal. The oxygen saturation level is visualized to produce an oxygen saturation image.

In-vivo devices, systems and methods for the detection of blood within in-vivo bodily fluids. The methods include irradiating in-vivo fluids passing through a gap in a housing of an in-vivo device introduced to the GI tract of a subject with a plurality of illumination sources positioned on a first side of a gap; detecting with at least one light detector positioned on the opposite side of the gap and facing the illumination sources, light irradiated by the illumination sources; transmitting a plurality of values representing the light detected over time; converting these values to blood concentration values over time, and comparing the blood concentration values to a predetermined threshold value. Based on the comparison, the method includes determining the type of bleeding profile, such that if a plurality of blood concentration values measured consecutively is above the threshold value, the bleeding profile indicates bleeding.

The present invention relates to a device for observing a sentinel lymph node (SLN) in a human body. More particularly, the present invention relates to a device for observing an SLN by detecting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence caused by a fluorescent material such as indocyanine green (ICG) at the SLN and a method for detecting NIR fluorescence at an SLN. Particularly, in the implementation of a composite image obtained by reproducing a fluorescent material such as ICG and NIR fluorescence emitted by excitation light together with a visible light image, it is possible to detect an SLN with high accuracy through a color contrast method and/or a temporal modulation method using an NIR fluorescence image signal and a visible reflection light image signal.

A laminated laser window having an inner layer transparent to light having wavelengths between 3.5 micrometers and 12 micrometers and having as an outer surface a nanometric-thick outer layer of SiO2. The window allows the passage of light within this wavelength range, for example from a CO2 laser. In The SiO2 outer layer maintains biocompatibility when used in laser devices for insertion into externally accessible bodily cavities.

Driving an emitter to emit pulses of electromagnetic radiation according to a jitter specification in a hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging system is described. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a driver for driving emissions by the emitter according to a jitter specification. The system is h that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of a hyperspectral emission, a fluorescence emission, and/or a laser mapping pattern.

An endoscope with an optical channel is held and positioned by a robotic surgical system. A capture unit captures (1) a visible first image at a first time and (2) a visible second image combined with a fluorescence image from the light at a second time. An image processing system receives (1) the visible first image and (2) the visible second image combined with the fluorescence image and generates at least one fluorescence image. A display system outputs an output image including an artificial fluorescence image.