-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.

-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.

Poly-perfluoroalkyl substituted polyethyleneimine compositions are provided that act as foam stabilizers and film formers when used in fire-fighting foam concentrates. The polyethylene compositions are soluble in water, but have only low solubility in polar solvents. When aqueous film forming foam generated from these concentrates is applied to burning polar solvent the polyethyleneimine compositions precipitate at the polar solvent/foam interface and inhibit the collapse and destruction of the foam.

Poly-perfluoroalkyl substituted polyethyleneimine compositions are provided that act as foam stabilizers and film formers when used in fire-fighting foam concentrates. The polyethylene compositions are soluble in water, but have only low solubility in polar solvents. When aqueous film forming foam generated from these concentrates is applied to burning polar solvent the polyethyleneimine compositions precipitate at the polar solvent/foam interface and inhibit the collapse and destruction of the foam.

The invention discloses a monosubstituted or polysubstituted amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative, and a preparation method and application thereof. The amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative substituted by a group containing PEG, a quaternary ammonium salt or the like prepared according to the invention has an obvious red shift in its absorption spectrum and a significantly enhanced molar extinction coefficient, compared with the parent hypocrellin, can efficiently produce singlet state oxygen and other reactive oxygen species under photosensitive conditions; has different amphiphilicities and increased biocompatibility with cells or tissues by regulating its hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity; can meet the requirements of different clinical drugs, and solves the requirements of different drug delivery methods for different drug hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. Under identical conditions, the amphiphilic hypocrellin derivative photosensitizer according to the invention has higher ability to photodynamically inactivate tumor cells than the first and second generation commercial photosensitizers.

A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a first polymer including a first structural unit that includes a first acid-labile group; a radiation-sensitive acid generator; and a compound represented by formula (1). n is 1 or 2. R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in a case in which n is 1. R.sup.1 represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in a case in which n is 2. R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. E represents a group represented by formula (i). R.sup.2 and E may taken together represent a ring structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms together with the nitrogen atom. X represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R.sup.3 represents a second acid-labile group.

##STR00001##

A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a first polymer including a first structural unit that includes a first acid-labile group; a radiation-sensitive acid generator; and a compound represented by formula (1). n is 1 or 2. R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in a case in which n is 1. R.sup.1 represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in a case in which n is 2. R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. E represents a group represented by formula (i). R.sup.2 and E may taken together represent a ring structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms together with the nitrogen atom. X represents a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. R.sup.3 represents a second acid-labile group.

##STR00001##

-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.

-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.

-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.