The present invention aims to provide an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution with excellent storage stability capable of forming a stable SEI on the surface of an electrode to improve cell performance such as a cycle performance, a discharge/charge capacity, and internal resistance, when the additive is used for electrical storage devices such as non-aqueous electrolyte solution secondary cells and electric double layer capacitors. The present invention also aims to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing the additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution and to provide an electrical storage device using the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The present invention is an additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, comprising a compound that has a structure represented by the formula (1-1) or (1-2): ##STR00001##
in which A represents C.sub.mH.sub.(2mn)Z.sub.n, m being an integer of 1 to 6, n being an integer of 0 to 12, and Z representing a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a silyl group, a phosphonic acid ester group, an acyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group, the compound having a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of 3.0 to 0.4 eV, a standard enthalpy of formation of 220 to 40 kcal/mol, and an enthalpy change with hydrolysis reaction of 5 to 5 kcal/mol.

The present application provides a method for preparing a deuterated chemical by means of a deuteration reaction of a carbon-hydrogen bond with a deuterium gas under the catalysis of an alkali, wherein in the presence of a catalyst, a deuterium gas is added into a compound containing a carbon-hydrogen bond for a deuteration reaction so as to generate a deuterated compound. A deuterium gas is used as a deuterium source, such that multiple water separation operations, tedious steps and the wasting of energy caused by usage of a large amount of deuterium oxide as a deuterium source are avoided. Moreover, a cheap and easily available alkali metal compound is used for replacing an expensive transition metal catalyst and a complex-structure ligand as a catalyst for a deuteration reaction, and the alkali metal compound has the advantages of a low cost, a good compatibility with functional groups of a substrate and a high deuteration rate. The present application provides a new, low-cost, green and efficient deuteration method, which has a high application value.

The present application provides a method for preparing a deuterated chemical by means of a deuteration reaction of a carbon-hydrogen bond with a deuterium gas under the catalysis of an alkali, wherein in the presence of a catalyst, a deuterium gas is added into a compound containing a carbon-hydrogen bond for a deuteration reaction so as to generate a deuterated compound. A deuterium gas is used as a deuterium source, such that multiple water separation operations, tedious steps and the wasting of energy caused by usage of a large amount of deuterium oxide as a deuterium source are avoided. Moreover, a cheap and easily available alkali metal compound is used for replacing an expensive transition metal catalyst and a complex-structure ligand as a catalyst for a deuteration reaction, and the alkali metal compound has the advantages of a low cost, a good compatibility with functional groups of a substrate and a high deuteration rate. The present application provides a new, low-cost, green and efficient deuteration method, which has a high application value.

The present invention provides synthesis, pharmaceutically acceptable formulations and uses of compounds in accordance with Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, a tautomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##

For Formula (I) compounds R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X.sup.1, Y.sup.1 and n are as defined in the specification. The inventive Formula (I) compounds are inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 protein/protein binding or functional interaction and find utility in any number of therapeutic applications, including but not limited to treatment of proliferative disorders such as cancer and infectious diseases.

The present invention provides synthesis, pharmaceutically acceptable formulations and uses of compounds in accordance with Formula (I), or a stereoisomer, a tautomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##

For Formula (I) compounds R.sup.1, R.sup.2, X.sup.1, Y.sup.1 and n are as defined in the specification. The inventive Formula (I) compounds are inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 protein/protein binding or functional interaction and find utility in any number of therapeutic applications, including but not limited to treatment of proliferative disorders such as cancer and infectious diseases.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing the production of methane emanating from the digestive activities of a ruminant and/or for improving ruminant animal performance by using, as active compound at least one organic molecule substituted at any position with at least one nitrooxy group, or a salt thereof, which is administrated to the animal together with the feed. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in feed and feed additives such as premix, concentrates and total mixed ration (TMR) or in the form of a bolus.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing the production of methane emanating from the digestive activities of a ruminant and/or for improving ruminant animal performance by using, as active compound at least one organic molecule substituted at any position with at least one nitrooxy group, or a salt thereof, which is administrated to the animal together with the feed. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in feed and feed additives such as premix, concentrates and total mixed ration (TMR) or in the form of a bolus.

The hydrophilic oil repellent includes one or more types of nitrogen-containing fluorine-based compounds. The nitrogen-containing fluorine-based compound includes any one hydrophilicity imparting group selected from the group consisting of anion type hydrophilicity imparting groups, cation type hydrophilicity imparting groups, and amphoteric type hydrophilicity imparting groups in the molecule.

The invention relates to novel therapeutic compounds, more in particular to biologically active analogs and uses thereof as medicament, for instance for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Provided is a compound of the general formula (formula I) wherein R.sub.1 is H or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic moiety comprising 1 to 8 C-atoms; and X is selected from the group consisting of moieties X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, X.sub.5 and X.sub.6. Exemplary uses include the prevention or therapeutic treatment of a HSF1-mediated disease. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to novel therapeutic compounds, more in particular to biologically active analogs and uses thereof as medicament, for instance for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Provided is a compound of the general formula (formula I) wherein R.sub.1 is H or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic moiety comprising 1 to 8 C-atoms; and X is selected from the group consisting of moieties X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, X.sub.5 and X.sub.6. Exemplary uses include the prevention or therapeutic treatment of a HSF1-mediated disease. ##STR00001##