The disclosure provides recording materials including aromatic substituted methane-core derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several structures are disclosed for monomers and polymers for use in Bragg gratings applications leading to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and high transparency. The disclosed derivatized monomers and polymers thereof can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

The disclosure provides recording materials including aromatic substituted methane-core derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several structures are disclosed for monomers and polymers for use in Bragg gratings applications leading to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and high transparency. The disclosed derivatized monomers and polymers thereof can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

The disclosure provides recording materials include fluorene derivatized monomers and polymers for use in volume Bragg gratings, including, but not limited to, volume Bragg gratings for holography applications. Several fluorene structures are disclosed: simply substituted fluorenes, cardo-fluorenes, and spiro-fluorenes. Fluorene derivatized polymers in Bragg gratings applications lead to materials with higher refractive index, low birefringence, and high transparency. Fluorene derivatized monomers/polymers can be used in any volume Bragg gratings materials, including two-stage polymer materials where a matrix is cured in a first step, and then the volume Bragg grating is written by way of a second curing step of a monomer.

A compound represented by General Formula (I), A.sup.1 to A.sup.4 each independently represent a non-aromatic ring group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, which may have a substituent, Z represents O, S, CHRCHR, OCHR, CHRO, CO, SO, SO.sub.2, COO, OCO, COS, SCO, OCOO, SCHR, CHRS, SOCHR, CHRSO, SO.sub.2CHR, CHRSO.sub.2, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.2S, SCF.sub.2, OCHRCHRO, SCHRCHRS, SOCHRCHRSO, SO.sub.2CHRCHRSO.sub.2, CH?CHCOO, CH?CHOCO, COOCH?CH, OCOCH?CH, COOCHRCHR, OCOCHRCHR, CHRCHRCOO, CHRCHROCO, COOCHR, OCOCHR, CHRCOO, CHROCO, CR?CR, CR?N, N?CR, N?N, CR?NN?CR, CF?CF, C?C, or a single bond, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and m1 represents an integer of 2 to 7.

##STR00001##

A compound represented by General Formula (I), A.sup.1 to A.sup.4 each independently represent a non-aromatic ring group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, which may have a substituent, Z represents O, S, CHRCHR, OCHR, CHRO, CO, SO, SO.sub.2, COO, OCO, COS, SCO, OCOO, SCHR, CHRS, SOCHR, CHRSO, SO.sub.2CHR, CHRSO.sub.2, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CF.sub.2S, SCF.sub.2, OCHRCHRO, SCHRCHRS, SOCHRCHRSO, SO.sub.2CHRCHRSO.sub.2, CH?CHCOO, CH?CHOCO, COOCH?CH, OCOCH?CH, COOCHRCHR, OCOCHRCHR, CHRCHRCOO, CHRCHROCO, COOCHR, OCOCHR, CHRCOO, CHROCO, CR?CR, CR?N, N?CR, N?N, CR?NN?CR, CF?CF, C?C, or a single bond, R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and m1 represents an integer of 2 to 7.

##STR00001##

A monomer for a hardmask composition is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, ##STR00001##

A monomer for a hardmask composition is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to photoactivable protecting groups containing a diarylsulfide chromophore, a method for the synthesis thereof and their use as photoactivable protecting groups using maskless photolithography based array synthesis.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to photoactivable protecting groups containing a diarylsulfide chromophore, a method for the synthesis thereof and their use as photoactivable protecting groups using maskless photolithography based array synthesis.

##STR00001##

A compound represented by formula (1), a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition.

##STR00001## R is alkyl having 1 to 15 carbons or the like; ring A.sup.1 and ring A.sup.2 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, COO or the like; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 are independently hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine; and m is 0, 1 or 2.