Compounds and compositions are provided that inhibit histone deacylase activity and which expand renal progenitor cell populations and improve kidney function in a damaged kidney. Methods of use of the compounds and compositions are provided.

The present invention relates to an industrial process for the preparation of (5S,10S)-10-benzyl-16-methyl-11,14,18-trioxo-15,17,19-trioxa-2,7,8-trithia-12-azahenicosan-5-aminium (E)-3-carboxyacrylate salt of following formula (I): wherein X is fumarate. This process comprises the following successive key steps: a kinetic resolution, formation of disulfide compound, peptide coupling, and anion exchange reaction to obtain the desired product of formula (I).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an industrial process for the preparation of (5S,10S)-10-benzyl-16-methyl-11,14,18-trioxo-15,17,19-trioxa-2,7,8-trithia-12-azahenicosan-5-aminium (E)-3-carboxyacrylate salt of following formula (I): wherein X is fumarate. This process comprises the following successive key steps: a kinetic resolution, formation of disulfide compound, peptide coupling, and anion exchange reaction to obtain the desired product of formula (I).

##STR00001##

Benzamides of the general formula (I) are described as herbicides. ##STR00001## In this formula (I), X, Z and R are radicals such as alkyl and cycloalkyl. Q is a 5-membered heterocycle.

Benzamides of the general formula (I) are described as herbicides. ##STR00001## In this formula (I), X, Z and R are radicals such as alkyl and cycloalkyl. Q is a 5-membered heterocycle.

Novel selective synthesis route to introduce primary alkyl groups on aromatic compounds is disclosed. The synthesis route is based on electrophilic aromatic substitutions of thionium ion species that are generated in-situ from aldehydes and thiols, affording benzyl sulfide that can be reduced with triethylsilane.

Novel selective synthesis route to introduce primary alkyl groups on aromatic compounds is disclosed. The synthesis route is based on electrophilic aromatic substitutions of thionium ion species that are generated in-situ from aldehydes and thiols, affording benzyl sulfide that can be reduced with triethylsilane.

Compounds and compositions for the delivery of active agents are provided. Methods of administration and preparation are also provided.

Compounds and compositions for the delivery of active agents are provided. Methods of administration and preparation are also provided.

Benzamides of the general formula (I) are described as herbicides.

##STR00001##

In this formula (I), X, Z and R are radicals such as alkyl and cycloalkyl. Q is a 5-membered heterocycle.