An isocyanate production method according to the present invention is a method in which an isocyanate is produced by subjecting a carbamate to thermal decomposition, and includes: a step of preparing a mixture liquid containing the carbamate, an inactive solvent and a polyisocyanate compound; a step of conducting a thermal decomposition reaction of the carbamate by continuously introducing the mixture liquid into a thermal decomposition reactor; a step of collecting a low-boiling decomposition product by continuously extracting the low-boiling decomposition product in a gaseous state from the reactor, the low-boiling decomposition product having a boiling point lower than the polyisocyanate compound; and a step of collecting a high-boiling component by continuously extracting, from the reactor, a liquid phase component which is not collected in a gaseous state at the step of collecting the low-boiling decomposition product.

Novel substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) derivatives and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of, or involving, the Central Nervous System (CNS), including schizophrenia adrenoleukodystrophy, mitochondrial diseases (e.g. Leigh syndrome, Alpers' disease, and MELAS), Huntington's disease, trichotillomania, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, drug craving, and drug addiction.

Novel substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) derivatives and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of, or involving, the Central Nervous System (CNS), including schizophrenia adrenoleukodystrophy, mitochondrial diseases (e.g. Leigh syndrome, Alpers' disease, and MELAS), Huntington's disease, trichotillomania, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, drug craving, and drug addiction.

Novel substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) derivatives and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of, or involving, the Central Nervous System (CNS), including schizophrenia adrenoleukodystrophy, mitochondrial diseases (e.g. Leigh syndrome, Alpers' disease, and MELAS), Huntington's disease, trichotillomania, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, drug craving, and drug addiction.

Novel substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) derivatives and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of, or involving, the Central Nervous System (CNS), including schizophrenia adrenoleukodystrophy, mitochondrial diseases (e.g. Leigh syndrome, Alpers' disease, and MELAS), Huntington's disease, trichotillomania, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, drug craving, and drug addiction.

Novel substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) derivatives and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of, or involving, the Central Nervous System (CNS), including schizophrenia adrenoleukodystrophy, mitochondrial diseases (e.g. Leigh syndrome, Alpers disease, and MELAS), Huntington's disease, trichotillomania, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, drug craving, and drug addiction.

Novel substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) derivatives and related compounds and methods of using these compounds for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions, including but not limited to diseases and/or conditions of, or involving, the Central Nervous System (CNS), including schizophrenia adrenoleukodystrophy, mitochondrial diseases (e.g. Leigh syndrome, Alpers disease, and MELAS), Huntington's disease, trichotillomania, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, drug craving, and drug addiction.

Provided is a nanoparticle associated with a plurality of oleylcysteineamide (OCA) molecules for a variety of therapeutic applications. At least a portion of the OCA molecules may be associated with at least one therapeutic agent or at least one non-active agent. Also provided is a drug delivery agent including at least one nanoparticle associated with a plurality of OCA molecules. At least a portion of the OCA molecules is associated with at least one therapeutic agent or at least one or non-active agent. Also provided is a method of delivering a drug to a subject. The method includes administering the drug delivery agent (associated with the drug) to the subject.

Provided is a nanoparticle associated with a plurality of oleylcysteineamide (OCA) molecules for a variety of therapeutic applications. At least a portion of the OCA molecules may be associated with at least one therapeutic agent or at least one non-active agent. Also provided is a drug delivery agent including at least one nanoparticle associated with a plurality of OCA molecules. At least a portion of the OCA molecules is associated with at least one therapeutic agent or at least one or non-active agent. Also provided is a method of delivering a drug to a subject. The method includes administering the drug delivery agent (associated with the drug) to the subject.

[Problem] Provided is a non-peptide compound which can be used as a GAPDH aggregation inhibitor. [Solution] Provided is a GAPDH aggregation inhibitor including as an active ingredient a compound represented by the chemical formula 1 wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of from 1 to 10, a polysulfurized derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present compound has a GAPDH aggregation inhibitory activity to suppress intracerebral aggregation of various proteins involved in cerebral neurodegenerative diseases, thereby contributing to improvement in various brain neurological diseases associated with aggregation of these proteins such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral infarction, and prevention of advanced seriousness of these diseases. ##STR00001##