A method for producing a conjugated diolefin is configured as follows. A monoolefin having four or more carbon atoms is fed from a plurality of monoolefin feed nozzles. In addition, at least 50% or more of a total amount of an oxygen-containing gas is fed from an oxygen-containing gas feed nozzle located at a bottom of a fluidized bed reactor. Furthermore, the plurality of monoolefin feed nozzles at n places located at heights a1, a2, . . . , and an from the oxygen-containing gas feed nozzle, respectively, feed the monoolefin having four or more carbon atoms at ratios of b1, b2, . . . , bn (b1+b2+ . . . +bn=1), respectively. Furthermore, a weighted mean value represented by the following formula is 100 mm or greater:
weighted mean value=a1*b1+a2*b2+ . . . +an*bn.

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparation of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed reactor, a method of preparing the same, and use of the same, wherein a method according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: reacting a metal precursor with an alkaline substance to obtain a slurry containing insoluble compound, followed by filtering and washing the slurry; adding a binder and deionized water, followed by agitation to regulate the solid content of the slurry to 10-50%; subjecting the slurry to spray drying granulation, wherein the temperature at the feed port is controlled between 200-400° C., and the temperature at the discharge port is controlled between 100-160° C., to obtain catalyst microspheres; and drying the catalyst microspheres at 80-200° C. for 1-24 h, and then calcining the catalyst microspheres at 500-900° C. for 4-24 h to obtain a catalyst having a general formula of FeXaYbZcOd, comprising Fe, Mg, Zn, Bi, Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Ba, Ca, and other metals. The catalyst microspheres prepared according to the exemplary method exhibit high mobility, desirable particle size distribution, extremely high mechanical strength and catalytic activity, and are applicable to industrial production of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed. When this catalyst is used to prepare butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene, the yield of butadiene is 76-86%, and the selectivity to butadiene is 94-97%.

The invention relates to a process for treating a catalyst for alkane oxidative dehydrogenation and/or alkene oxidation, which catalyst is a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing molybdenum, vanadium and niobium, wherein the process comprises: contacting the catalyst with a gas mixture comprising an inert gas and oxygen (O.sub.2), wherein the amount of oxygen is of from 10 to less than 10,000 parts per million by volume (ppmv), based on the total volume of the gas mixture, at an elevated temperature.

The invention relates to a method (100) for producing a target compound, wherein a paraffin is subjected to an oxidative dehydrogenation (1) with oxygen to obtain an olefin, and wherein the olefin is subjected to a hydroformylation (2) with carbon monoxide to obtain an aldehyde, wherein the paraffin and the olefin have a carbon chain having a first carbon number and the aldehyde has a carbon chain having a second carbon number which is one greater than the first carbon number. It is provided that carbon dioxide is formed as a by-product in the oxidative dehydrogenation (1), that the carbon dioxide is subjected to dry reforming (3) at least in part with methane to obtain carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and that the carbon monoxide obtained in the dry reforming (3) and/or the hydrogen obtained in the dry reforming (3) is supplied to the hydroformylation (2). A corresponding installation is also the subject matter of the invention.

This disclosure relates to a single stage process for the direct conversion of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, to olefinic mixtures (C.sub.2-C.sub.7) with low levels of aromatics carried out in a single reactor with two fixed catalyst beds in series, or two catalytic fixed bed reactors in series wherein the first reactor operates at a lower or higher temperature than the operating temperature of the second reactor. The process transformation of ethanol is comprised of ethanol dehydration to ethylene and water in high yield with the first catalyst in the first reactor, or via the first fixed catalyst bed, followed by directly feeding the ethylene and water to the second reactor, or second fixed catalyst bed, with conversion of said ethylene and water to a C.sub.2-C.sub.7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.

A hydrocarbon production method for producing hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture includes: a first extractive distillation step of performing extractive distillation of an extractive distillation target to obtain a fraction (A) in which isoprene and piperylene are enriched and a fraction (B) in which a linear hydrocarbon and a branched hydrocarbon are enriched; a first distillation step of obtaining a fraction (C) in which isoprene is enriched and a fraction (D) in which piperylene is enriched from the fraction (A); a dehydrogenation step of performing dehydrogenation or oxidative dehydrogenation of either or both of the linear hydrocarbon and the branched hydrocarbon contained in the fraction (B) to obtain a dehydrogenated product; and a recovery step of supplying the dehydrogenated product to an extractive distillation column or a distillation column and obtaining isoprene and/or piperylene from the dehydrogenated product.

A method for producing 1,3-butadiene, including: (A) performing an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction between oxygen and a raw material gas including n-butene in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst, thereby obtaining a produced gas containing 1,3-butadiene; (B) washing the produced gas obtained in (A); (C) contacting the produced gas washed in (B) with a cooling medium to cool the produced gas; and (D) separating the produced gas cooled in (C) into molecular oxygen and inert gases, and other gases containing 1,3-butadiene, by selective absorption into an absorption solvent. In (B), the washing of the produced gas includes blowing the produced gas onto a liquid surface of a washing liquid so that the produced gas contacts the liquid surface of the washing liquid.

Mixed metal oxide catalysts having an amorphous content of not less than 40 wt. % are prepared by calcining the catalyst precursor fully or partially enclosed by a porous material having a melting temperature greater than 600° C. in an inert container including heating the catalyst precursor at a rate from 0.5 to 10° C. per minute from room temperature to a temperature from 370° C. to 540° C. under a stream of pre heated gas chosen from steam and inert gas and mixtures thereof at a pressure of greater than or equal to 1 psig having a temperature from 300° C. to 540° C. and holding the catalyst precursor at that temperature for at least 2 hours and cooling the catalyst precursor to room temperature.

Disclosed is a catalyst system, its methods of preparation and its use for producing, among others, alkenes and/or saturated or unsaturated oxygenates and, which include at least one of an aldehyde and an acid (such as propyl aldehyde, acrolein, acrylic acid, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein, methacrylic acid), comprising subjecting the corresponding an alcohol or a diol selected from the group consisting of propanol, propanediol and isobutanol that is derivable from biomass, to a vapor phase process over the catalytic system described herein in the presence of a gas mixture of oxygen, air or nitrogen and/or other suitable diluting gas. In the case where one of 1-propanol, or 1,2-propanediol or 1,3-propanediol or a mixture thereof is subjected to a vapor phase catalytic process over the said catalytic system in the presence of air or oxygen, and a co-fed gas, such as nitrogen or other diluting gas, the product is at least one of propylene, propyl aldehyde, acrolein and acrylic acid. In the case where isobutanol is subjected to such a process, the product is at least one of isobutylene, isobutyl aldehyde, methacrolein and methacrylic acid. The catalyst system comprises a single catalytic zone or multi-catalytic zones, in each of which the composition of the co-feed and other reaction parameter can be independently controlled.

Provided in this disclosure are oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts that include a mixed metal oxide having the empirical formula:
Mo.sub.1.0V.sub.0.12-0.49Te.sub.0.05-0.17Nb.sub.0.10-0.20O.sub.d
wherein d is a number to satisfy the valence of the oxide. The oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst is characterized by having XRD diffraction peaks (2θ degrees) at 22±0.2, 27±0.2, 28.0±0.2, and 28.3±0.1. The disclosure also provides methods of making the catalysts that include wet ball milling.