Metal oxides are provided that have selective hydrogen combustion activity while also acting as solid oxygen carriers (SOCs). The metal oxides correspond to a metal oxide core of at least one metal having multiple oxidation states that is modified with an alkali metal oxide and/or alkali metal halogen (such as an alkali metal chloride). The resulting modified metal oxide, corresponding to a solid oxygen carrier, can allow for selective combustion of hydrogen while reducing or minimizing combustion of hydrocarbons, such as within a propane dehydrogenation environment. Additionally, it has been unexpectedly found that modifying the core metal oxide with the alkali metal oxide and/or alkali metal chloride can also mitigate coke formation on the solid oxygen carrier. Methods of using such metal oxides for selective hydrogen combustion are also provided.

A nitrogen-doped catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane, which is a catalyst for obtaining a C2 hydrocarbon product with high yield, and a method for manufacturing the catalyst are provided. An embodiment of the present inventive concept relates to a nitrogen-doped catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane having a silica support; and sodium tungstate and manganese supported on the support.

A novel catalyst composition and its use in the dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins. The catalyst comprises a Group VIII noble metal and a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium, and combinations thereof, on a support. The Group VIII noble metal can be platinum, palladium, osmium, rhodium, rubidium, iridium, and combinations thereof. The support can be silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silica-alumina, cerium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, metal modified silica, silica-pillared clays, silica-pillared micas, metal oxide modified silica-pillared mica, silica-pillared tetrasilicic mica, silica-pillared taeniolite, zeolite, molecular sieve, and combinations thereof. The catalyst composition is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins.

A catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane, and preparation and application thereof. The catalyst comprises: a manganese sesquioxide, a tungstate, a manganese composite oxide having a perovskite structure and/or a spinel structure, and a carrier. The manganese sesquioxide, tungstate, and manganese composite oxide having a perovskite structure and/or a spinel structure are supported on the carrier, or the manganese sesquioxide and tungstate are supported on the admixture of the said manganese composite oxide having a perovskite structure and/or a spinel structure and the said carrier. Based on 100 parts by weight of the catalyst, the content of the manganese sesquioxide is a parts by weight, the content of the tungstate is b parts by weight, the content of the manganese composite oxide having the perovskite structure and/or the spinel structure is c parts by weight The content of the carrier is d parts by weight. 0<a≤20, 1≤b≤20, 1≤c≤40, 20≤d<98.

A solid acid catalyst has a macropore specific volume of about 0.30-0.50 ml/g, a ratio of macropore specific volume to specific length of catalyst particles of about 1.0-2.5 ml/(g.Math.mm), and a ratio of specific surface area to length of catalyst particles of about 3.40-4.50 m.sup.2/mm. The macropore refers to pores having a diameter of more than 50 nm. An alkylation catalyst is based on the solid acid catalyst and can be used in alkylation reactions. The solid acid catalyst and alkylation catalyst show an improved catalyst service life and/or trimethylpentane selectivity when used in the alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins.

The disclosure relates to a single-atom-based catalyst system with total-length control of single-atom catalytic sites. The single-atom-based catalyst system comprises at least one catalyst structure comprising a first assembly of a plurality of single-atom-catalyst superparticles. The single-atom-catalyst superparticles comprise a second assembly of a plurality of single-atom-catalyst nanoparticles. The single-atom-based catalyst system has controlled porosity and spatial distribution of active single-atom catalysts from the atomic scale to the macroscopic scale. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

A process for producing ethylene and syngas comprising reacting, via OCM, first reactant mixture (CH.sub.4&O.sub.2) in first reaction zone comprising OCM catalyst to produce first product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO.sub.2, CO, and unreacted methane; introducing second reactant mixture comprising first product mixture to second reaction zone excluding catalyst to produce second product mixture comprising ethylene, ethane, hydrogen, CO, CO.sub.2, and unreacted methane, wherein a common reactor comprises both the first and second reaction zones, wherein ethane of second reactant mixture undergoes cracking to ethylene, wherein CO.sub.2 of second reactant mixture undergoes hydrogenation to CO, and wherein an amount of ethylene in the second product mixture is greater than in the first product mixture; recovering methane stream, ethane stream, CO.sub.2 stream, ethylene stream, and syngas stream (CO&H.sub.2) from the second product mixture; and recycling the ethane stream and the carbon dioxide stream to second reaction zone.

This method for producing a fullerene derivative is a method for producing a fullerene derivative having a partial structure shown by formula (1) by reacting a predetermined halogenated compound and two carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton in a mixed solvent of an aromatic solvent and an aprotic polar solvent having a C═O or S═O bond in the presence of at least one metal selected from the group comprising manganese, iron, and zinc; ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), C* are each carbon atoms adjacent to each other for forming a fullerene skeleton, A is a linking group having 1-4 carbon atoms for forming a ring structure with two C*, in which a portion thereof may be a substituted or condensed group).

A hybrid catalyst including a metal oxide catalyst component comprising chromium, zinc, and at least one additional metal selected from the group consisting of iron and manganese, and a microporous catalyst component that is a molecular sieve having 8-MR pore openings. The at least one additional metal is present in an amount from 5.0 at % to 20.0 at %.

Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.