A method for the production of hydrocarbon(s), such as methane, substituted hydrocarbons, such as methanol, or the production of hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of contacting a first catalyst with water in order to photocatalyse the splitting of at least some of the water into hydrogen and oxygen; and contacting a second catalyst with a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and at least some of the hydrogen produced from step (a) in order to photocatalyse the reaction between the hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce hydrocarbon(s), such as methane, and/or substituted hydrocarbons, such as methanol. In an embodiment, the catalyst comprises gold and or ruthenium nanoclusters supported on a substrate.

An organic-base functionalized silicalite-1 molecular sieve-encapsulated metal nanoparticles catalyst and a preparation method therefor, as well as a method for preparing 1,2-pentanediol from biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol by hydrogenolysis using said catalyst. When the catalyst is used in a reaction preparing 1,2-pentanediol from furfuryl alcohol by hydrogenolysis, the catalyst has high hydrogenolysis activity under relatively mild reaction conditions, significantly increasing the conversion rate of furfuryl alcohol and 1,2-pentanediol selectivity in the reaction, while also not generating obvious byproducts furfuryl alcohol polymers; the catalyst has good stability and long life, and may be recovered for reuse after the reaction is complete by means of a simple filtration, greatly reducing reaction costs and separation difficulty.

A method of direct oxidation of a hydrocarbon to produce an oxygenated reaction product, wherein said method comprises contacting a peroxide and oxygen and the hydrocarbon with a suspension of catalyst particles dispersed in a liquid reaction medium, wherein the catalyst particles are unsupported and comprise at least one transition metal.

Zeolites having highly dispersed bimetallic clusters, uniformly distributed in size and composition, encapsulated therein are disclosed. Metal encapsulation and alloying is conferred by introducing ligated metal cation precursors into zeolite synthesis gels, which are subsequently crystallized hydrothermally to form zeolites with metal cations occluded in the pores. The ligated cations are anchored to the zeolite framework via siloxane bridges which enforces their uniform dispersion throughout the zeolite crystals. Treatment of the crystallized zeolites in O.sub.2 and then H.sub.2 forms bimetallic clusters, which remain narrowly distributed in size and composition.

The present subject matter relates generally to the derivatization of highly-aligned carbon nanotube sheet substrates with one or more transition metal centers and to uses of the resulting metal-derivatized CNT sheet substrates.

The invention discloses a binder-free high strength and low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: (a) 60-85% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3; (b) 3-25% K.sub.2O; (c) 0.1-5% MoO.sub.3; (d) 3-20% CeO.sub.2; (e) 0.1-5% CaO; (f) 0.1-5% Na.sub.2O; (g) 0.1-5% MnO.sub.2, wherein the weight ratio of sodium oxide to manganese dioxide is 0.1-10, and no binder is added during the preparation of the catalyst. The low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst provided by the present invention contains no binder and maintains high strength, and has high activity and stability at low steam-to-oil ratio.

A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.

Disclosed are methods of forming an N,N-substituted-formamide comprising contacting a feed gas comprising an alcohol and an N,N-substituted-amine with a solid heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent at a reaction temperature, wherein the solid heterogeneous catalyst comprises one or more noble metals; and oxidatively coupling the feed gas under conditions effective to form an effluent gas comprising the N,N-substituted-formamide. Also disclosed herein are methods of forming a carbamide and/or a carbamate comprising contacting a feed gas comprising an alcohol and an N,N-substituted-amine with a solid heterogeneous catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent at a temperature greater than or equal to 155? C., wherein the solid heterogeneous catalyst comprises one or more noble metals; and oxidatively coupling the feed gas under conditions effective to form a product gas comprising the carbamide and/or carbamate.

A catalyst comprising gold and a porous support containing at least one refractory oxide, in which the gold content is in the range 0.01% to 5% by weight with respect to the total weight of catalyst, and in which the particles of gold are distributed homogeneously through said porous support and have a dimension, measured by transmission electron microscopy, in the range 0.5 to 5 nm.

A long life catalyst is provided that is conveniently and inexpensively capable of being produced and that is highly active and has inhibited metal leakage. According to aspects of the present invention, a catalyst is provided that includes: a polymer including a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and metal acting as a catalytic center, wherein at least part of the metal is covered with the polymer, each of the plurality of first structural units has a first atom constituting a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent group bonded to the first atom, a second atom included in each of the plurality of second structural units is bonded to the first atom, and the second atom is different from the first atom, or at least one of all substituent groups on the second atom is different from the first substituent group.