The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines, which comprises hydrogenating at least one nitrile in an apparatus (V1) in the presence of an unsupported cobalt catalyst to obtain at least one primary amine, with recurrent or continuous addition of at least one compound (I) to the apparatus (V1), said compound (I) comprising at least one component selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and rare earth metal.

Disclosed are a molybdenum based composite oxide catalyst, its preparation method and use. The catalyst has the following general formula: BiMo.sub.xM.sub.yN.sub.zO.sub.a; wherein M is one of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, or a mixture of two or more of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu in any ratio; N is one of Na, K, Cs, Ca and Ba, or a mixture of two or more of Na, K, Cs, Ca and Ba in any ratio; x=0.5˜20; y=0.05˜20; z=0.01˜5; a is a number satisfying the valance of each atom. The catalyst is prepared by the following method: firstly mixing a certain amount of the lead metal oxides according to the chemical proportion and then grinding the mixture with high-energy ball milling for a period of time to obtain the molybdenum based composite oxide catalyst. The catalyst exhibits excellent performance when using for preparation of butadiene by oxidative dehydrogenation of butene, and the preparation process is simple, controllable, and repeatable. Waste water or waste gas that is difficult to be treated is not produced during preparation.

Embodiments of methods of synthesizing a metathesis catalyst system, which include impregnating tungsten oxide on silica support in the presence of a precursor to produce a base catalyst; calcining the base catalyst; impregnating a metal oxide co-catalyst comprising a metal oxide onto the surface of the base catalyst to produce a doped catalyst; and calcining the doped catalyst to produce a metathesis catalyst system. Further embodiments of processes for the production of propylene, which include contacting a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising a mixture of 1-butene and 2-butene with embodiments of the metathesis catalyst system to produce, via metathesis conversion, a product stream comprising propylene.

The invention concerns a process for preparing a chlorine comprising catalyst by (a) providing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising titania and at least 5 weight percent cobalt; (b) impregnating the catalyst with a solution comprising chloride ions; and (c) heating the impregnated catalyst at a temperature in the range of between 100 and 500° C. for at least 5 minutes up to 2 days. The prepared catalyst preferably comprises 0.13-3 weight percent of the element chlorine. The invention further relates to the prepared catalyst and its use.

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Disclosed are a composite oxide catalyst for preparing butadiene and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, a composite oxide catalyst, for preparing butadiene, including a metal composite oxide and AlPO.sub.4, and a method of preparing the same are disclosed.

According to the present disclosure, a composite oxide catalyst for preparing butadiene, which includes a specific binder material, prevents generation of ingredients with a high boiling point, has superior catalyst strength, catalytic activity and butadiene yield, and a method of preparing the same are provided.

A process can be used to prepare alkenes by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas to a first mixture comprising alkenes and alcohols. The alcohols present in the first mixture are converted to the corresponding alkenes by dehydration in a subsequent step. At least one alkene having two to four carbon atoms is obtained as isolated product from a product mixture by processing thereof and/or separation steps. In the catalytic conversion, a catalyst is preferably used that comprises grains of non-graphitic carbon having cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein. The cobalt nanoparticles have an average diameter d.sub.p of 1-20 nm. An average distance D between individual cobalt nanoparticles in the grains is 2-150 nm. A combined total mass fraction ω of metal in the grains is from 30%-70% by weight of a total mass of the grains such that 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes producing a first product stream comprising butadiene by passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a steam cracker; transforming greater than or equal to 90 weight % of the butadiene in the first product stream into a second product stream by passing the first product stream through a first hydrogenation unit, wherein the second product stream comprises 1-butene, 2-butene, n-butane, isobutylene, isobutane, or a combination thereof; and converting the second product stream into the fuel additive by passing the second product stream through a fuel additive synthesis unit with an acid catalyst.

Disclosed are a ferrite catalyst and preparation methods thereof. The catalyst is provided with a formula below, wherein A is Mg atom, Zn atom or a mixture of both atoms at any ratio; D is one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, W, Mn, Ca, Mo or V atom; Z is a catalyst carrier, which is one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, ferric phosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc phosphate, Mg—Al hydrotalcite, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate; a=0.01-0.6; b=0-0.30; c is a number balancing each valence; x, y represent the amounts of principal catalyst and carrier Z respectively, wherein the weight ratio y/x=0.5:1-7:1.
x(FeA.sub.aD.sub.bO.sub.c)/yZ

An object of the present invention is to suppress performance deterioration of a molybdenum composite oxide-based catalyst at the time of performing gas-phase catalytic partial oxidation with molecular oxygen by using a tubular reactor. The present invention relates to a catalytic oxidation method using a tubular reactor in which a Mo compound layer containing a Mo compound and a composite oxide catalyst layer containing a Mo composite oxide catalyst are arranged in this order from a reaction raw material supply port side and under a flow of a mixed gas containing 75 vol % of air and 25 vol % of water vapor at 440° C., a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo compound is larger than a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo composite oxide catalyst under the same conditions.