A process can produce alcohols having at least two carbon atoms by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas into a mixture containing alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. Alkenes are converted into corresponding alcohols in a subsequent step by hydration of the alkanes. Before the hydration and after the catalytic conversion, gas and liquid phases may be separated. Specific catalysts can be employed that have a markedly higher selectivity for alkenes than for alkanes. These catalysts comprise grains of non-graphitic carbon having cobalt nanoparticles dispersed therein. The cobalt nanoparticles have an average diameter d.sub.p from 1 to 20 nm, and an average distance D between nanoparticles is from 2 to 150 nm. The combined total mass fraction of metal ω in the grains ranges from 30% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the grains of non-graphitic carbon, wherein 4.5 dp/ω>D≥0.25 dp/ω.

A supported catalyst for preparing light olefin using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of component I is a metal oxide; and the component II is a supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more than one of hierarchical pores Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, MgO and Ga.sub.2O.sub.3; the zeolite is one or more than one of CHA and AEI structures; and the load of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component I to the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high light olefin selectivity; the sum of the selectivity of the light olefin comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane side product is less than 7%.

A catalyst containing LF-type B acid preparing ethylene using direct conversion of syngas is a composite catalyst and formed by compounding component A and component B in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of the component A is a metal oxide; the component B is a zeolite of MOR topology; and a weight ratio of the active ingredients in the component A to the component B is 0.1-20. The reaction process has an extremely high product yield and selectivity, with the selectivity for light olefin reaching 80-90%, wherein ethylene has high space time yield and can reach selectivity of 75-80%. Meanwhile, the selectivity for a methane side product is extremely low (<15%).

A process for the preparation of a composition comprising oxygenates and hydrocarbons by means of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, said process comprising contacting a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide gases with a supported Co—Mn Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, wherein the supported synthesis catalyst comprises at least 2.5 wt % of manganese, on an elemental basis, based on the total weight of the supported synthesis catalyst; the weight ratio of manganese to cobalt, on an elemental basis, is 0.2 or greater; and, wherein carbon dioxide is present in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is at least 5% v/v.

Metal oxides are provided that have selective hydrogen combustion activity while also acting as solid oxygen carriers (SOCs). The metal oxides correspond to a metal oxide core of at least one metal having multiple oxidation states that is modified with an alkali metal oxide and/or alkali metal halogen (such as an alkali metal chloride). The resulting modified metal oxide, corresponding to a solid oxygen carrier, can allow for selective combustion of hydrogen while reducing or minimizing combustion of hydrocarbons, such as within a propane dehydrogenation environment. Additionally, it has been unexpectedly found that modifying the core metal oxide with the alkali metal oxide and/or alkali metal chloride can also mitigate coke formation on the solid oxygen carrier. Methods of using such metal oxides for selective hydrogen combustion are also provided.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a selective butadiene hydrogenation unit transforming greater than or equal to 90% by weight of the butadiene to 1-butene and 2-butene, preferably greater than or equal to 93%, preferably, greater than or equal to 94%, more preferably, greater than or equal to 95% producing a second process stream; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing a third process stream and the fuel additive; passing the third process stream through a total hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; and passing the hydrogenated stream to a cracker unit.

A method of producing a fuel additive includes: passing a first process stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit producing a first recycle stream; passing the first recycle stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a second recycle stream; passing the second recycle stream through a recycle hydrogenation unit and a deisobutanizer unit; and recycling the second recycle stream to the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit.

Disclosed is a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons by hydrocracking a polymer containing aromatic rings, which includes reacting the polymer fragment with hydrogen under the action of a catalyst at a temperature of no more than 350° C.; separating a reaction product to obtain the aromatic hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises a carrier and an active ingredient supported on the carrier, the active ingredient is at least one selected from Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Fe, Ni, Cu and Co, the carrier is at least one selected from metal oxide, phosphate, molecular sieve, SiO.sub.2 and sulfonated carbon, the metal oxide is at least one selected from Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5—Al.sub.2O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2O.sub.5—SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2 and MoO.sub.3; the phosphate is at least one selected from NbOPO.sub.4 and ZrOPO.sub.4; and the molecule sieve is at least one selected from Nb-SBA-15, Nafion, H-ZSM-5, H-Beta and H-Y.

Disclosed herein are a dehydrogenation catalyst having single-atom cobalt loaded on a silica-based, shaped support, a preparation method therefor, and a method for preparing an olefin by dehydrogenating a corresponding paraffin, particularly light paraffin in the presence of the dehydrogenation catalyst.

The present invention relates to catalysts, more particularly to a cobalt-containing catalyst composition. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst precursor, a process for preparing a cobalt-containing catalyst, and a hydrocarbon synthesis process wherein such a catalyst is used. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a cobalt-containing catalyst composition comprising cobalt and/or a cobalt compound supported on and/or in a silica (SiO.sub.2) catalyst support wherein the average pore diameter of the catalyst support is more than 20 nm but less than 50 nm; the catalyst composition also including a titanium compound on and/or in the catalyst support, and a manganese compound on and/or in the catalyst support.