A method and catalyst for forming higher carbon number products from carbon dioxide is provided. An exemplary catalyst includes red mud including iron and aluminum, and impregnated potassium.

The present disclosure discloses a multistage nanoreactor catalyst and preparation and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of synthesis gas conversion. The catalyst consists of a core of an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, a transition layer of a porous oxide or porous carbon material, and a shell layer of a molecular sieve having an aromatization function. The molecular sieve of the shell layer can be further modified by a metal element or a non-metal element, and the outer surface of the molecular sieve is further modified by a silicon-oxygen compound to adjust the acidic site on the outer surface and the aperture of the molecular sieve, thereby inhibiting the formation of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons. According to the disclosure, the shell layer molecular sieve with a transition layer and a shell layer containing or not containing auxiliaries, and with or without surface modification can be prepared by the iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst through multiple steps. The catalyst can be used for direct preparation of aromatic compounds, especially light aromatic compounds, from synthesis gas; the selectivity of light aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbons can be 75% or above, and the content in the liquid phase product is not less than 95%; and the catalyst has good stability and good industrial application prospect.

The present invention relates to a process for oligomerization of C2- to C8-olefins in at least two reaction stages, wherein in the last distillation column the reaction mixture is fractionated such that only very small amounts of the oligomers formed remain in the distillate.

The present invention relates to a process for oligomerization of C2- to C8-olefins in at least two reaction stages, wherein in the last distillation column the reaction mixture is fractionated such that only very small amounts of the reactant olefins and the analogous alkanes remain in the bottom of the distillation column.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a process for dehydrogenating a first dehydrogenation reactant into its unsaturated counterparts. The disclosed process comprises introducing a dehydrogenation reactant to a metal oxide catalyst having dehydrogenation activity, and dehydrogenating the dehydrogenation reactant to provide its unsaturated counterpart and hydrogen; selectively combusting the hydrogen released during dehydrogenation using a lattice oxygen from the metal oxide catalyst, resulting in a reduced metal oxide catalyst and steam; re-oxidizing the reduced metal oxide catalyst by introducing a gaseous oxidant to the reduced metal oxide catalyst; and optionally re-using the re-oxidized metal oxide catalyst for catalytic conversion and combustion. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Processes and systems for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene may include mixing a steam stream and an ethylbenzene stream to form a feed mixture. The ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture may then be fed to a dehydrogenation reactor containing an alkali metal promoted catalyst. A liquid, selected from an alkali metal liquid, an alkali metal compound liquid, or a liquid solution comprising an alkali metal, may be injected into a feed stream, such as the steam stream, the ethylbenzene stream, or the ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture. Following injection, the liquid vaporizes and disperses into the feed stream upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor. The liquid may be maintained as a liquid from a point upstream of injection to an injection nozzle. The liquid is dispersed through the injection nozzle, in liquid form, to form droplets of liquid dispersed in the feed stream, which evaporate and/or dissolve into the vaporous feed stream.

Processes and systems for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene may include mixing a steam stream and an ethylbenzene stream to form a feed mixture. The ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture may then be fed to a dehydrogenation reactor containing an alkali metal promoted catalyst. A liquid, selected from an alkali metal liquid, an alkali metal compound liquid, or a liquid solution comprising an alkali metal, may be injected into a feed stream, such as the steam stream, the ethylbenzene stream, or the ethylbenzene/steam feed mixture. Following injection, the liquid vaporizes and disperses into the feed stream upstream of the dehydrogenation reactor. The liquid may be maintained as a liquid from a point upstream of injection to an injection nozzle. The liquid is dispersed through the injection nozzle, in liquid form, to form droplets of liquid dispersed in the feed stream, which evaporate and/or dissolve into the vaporous feed stream.

A multi-stage dehydrogenation process including contacting, in a first stage, a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon and steam with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a first stage effluent, heating the first stage effluent, and contacting, in a second stage, the heated first stage effluent with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a second stage effluent comprising a dehydrogenation product, wherein the first stage includes a first reactor and a second reactor arranged in parallel, and wherein the second stage includes a third reactor connected in series with the first reactor and the second reactor. A multi-stage dehydrogenation system for carrying out dehydrogenation is also provided.

The present disclosure discloses a multistage nanoreactor catalyst and preparation and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of synthesis gas conversion. The catalyst consists of a core of an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, a transition layer of a porous oxide or porous carbon material, and a shell layer of a molecular sieve having an aromatization function. The molecular sieve of the shell layer can be further modified by a metal element or a non-metal element, and the outer surface of the molecular sieve is further modified by a silicon-oxygen compound to adjust the acidic site on the outer surface and the aperture of the molecular sieve, thereby inhibiting the formation of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons. According to the disclosure, the shell layer molecular sieve with a transition layer and a shell layer containing or not containing auxiliaries, and with or without surface modification can be prepared by the iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst through multiple steps. The catalyst can be used for direct preparation of aromatic compounds, especially light aromatic compounds, from synthesis gas; the selectivity of light aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbons can be 75% or above, and the content in the liquid phase product is not less than 95%; and the catalyst has good stability and good industrial application prospect.

A method includes at least two-stage process for the oligomerization of short-chain olefins in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the regeneration of the catalyst is stage-customized.