A process of tuning a hydrocarbon product composition is described. The process involves selecting paraffins for reaction. The equilibrium constants for reactions of the selected paraffins can be used to select appropriate feed ratios, or an equilibrium composition as function of C/H molar ratio. A selected feed is reacted to obtain the product. Equilibrium product compositions and non-equilibrium product compositions can be obtained using the process.

Disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the isomerization of an unsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid derivative, or an unsaturated triglyceride. Also disclosed is the use of a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the decarboxylation of an unsaturated organic compound. Also disclosed is the use of a catalyst or catalyst precursor for the dual function isomerization and decarboxylation of an unsaturated fatty acid to an unsaturated organic compound.

A method for synthesizing dissymmetric sulfoether includes the following step: a) under the condition of tetrabutylammonium halide catalysis, compounds having a structure of formula (I), compounds having a structure of formula (II) and salts having sulfur and oxygen are reacted in a solvent to give dissymmetric sulfoether having a structure of formula (III).

A method hydrofluorinates an olefin of the formula: RCX=CYZ to produce a hydrofluoroalkane of formula RCXFCHYZ or RCXHCFYZ, where X, Y, and Z are independently the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is partially or fully substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo; and R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo. The method includes reacting the olefin with HF in the vapor phase, in the presence of SbF.sub.5, at a temperature ranging from about 30 C. to about 65 C. and compositions formed by the process.

The present invention discloses processes for oligomerizing a monomer containing C.sub.3 to C.sub.30 olefins using a chemically-treated solid oxide, such as fluorided silica-coated alumina and fluorided-chlorided silica-coated alumina.

The disclosure relates to a method for hydrofluorination of an olefin of the formula: RCX=CYZ to produce a hydrofluoroalkane of formula RCXFCHYZ or RCHXCFYZ, wherein X, Y, and Z are independently the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is partially or fully substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo; and R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with chloro or fluoro or bromo, comprising reacting the olefin with HF in the liquid-phase, in the presence of SbF.sub.5, at a temperature ranging from about ?30? C. to about 65? C.

In a cross coupling reaction, in a case where a halogen atom is selected as the leaving group of the raw material compound, a harmful halogen waste forms as a by-product after the reaction, and disposal of the waste liquid is complicated and environmental burden is high. In a carbon-hydrogen activation cross coupling reaction which requires no halogen atom as the leaving group, although no halogen waste forms as a by-product, the reaction substrate is considerably restricted, and the reaction remains a limited molecular construction method.

A method for producing an aromatic compound, which comprises subjecting an aromatic nitro compound and a boronic acid compound to a cross coupling reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst.

Oligomerization processes include the steps of introducing a monomer containing a C.sub.3 to C.sub.30 olefin and a chemically-treated solid oxide into a reaction zone, and oligomerizing the monomer to form an oligomer product in the reaction zone. Fluorided silica-coated alumina and fluorided-chlorided silica-coated alumina are illustrative chemically-treated solid oxides that can be used in the oligomerization processes.

Disclosed is a method for using a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the isomerization of an unsaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid derivative, or an unsaturated triglyceride. Also disclosed is a method for using a metal catalyst or catalyst precursor that catalyzes the decarboxylation of an unsaturated organic compound. Also disclosed is a method for using a catalyst or catalyst precursor for the dual function isomerization and decarboxylation of an unsaturated fatty acid to an unsaturated organic compound.

A dehydrochlorination process is disclosed. The process involves contacting R.sub.fCHClCH.sub.2Cl with a chromium oxyfluoride catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising R.sub.fCClCH.sub.2, wherein R.sub.f is a perfluorinated alkyl group.