Provided is a technology for efficiently manufacturing 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol in a reaction condition with a high conversion rate. A catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene, contains: ytterbium oxide as an active component for generating 1,3-butadiene from 1,4-butanediol or 3-buten-1-ol. In addition, a manufacturing method of 1,3-butadiene, includes: a step of obtaining a fluid containing 1,3-butadiene by bringing at least one of 1,4-butanediol and 3-buten-1-ol into contact with the catalyst for manufacturing 1,3-butadiene.

A process of methane catalytic conversion produces olefins, aromatics, and hydrogen under oxygen-free, continuous flowing conditions. Such a process has little coke deposition and realizes atom-economic conversion. Under the conditions encountered in a fixed bed reactor (i.e. reaction temperature: 750-1200 C.; reaction pressure: atmospheric pressure; the weight hourly space velocity of feed gas: 1000-30000 ml/g/h; and fixed bed), conversion of methane is 8-50%. The selectivity of olefins is 30-90%. And selectivity of aromatics is 10-70%. The catalyst for this methane conversion has a SiO.sub.2-based matrix having active species that are formed by confining dopant metal atoms in the lattice of the matrix.

Some embodiments are directed to a new methodology aimed at preparing highly N-doped mesoporous carbon macroscopic composites, and their use as highly efficient heterogeneous metal-free catalysts in a number of industrially relevant catalytic transformations.

A process for converting oxygenates to hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream having at least one oxygenate into a reaction zone, and introducing a hydrogen gas stream into the reaction zone. In the reaction zone the feed stream and the hydrogen gas stream are simultaneously contacted with a catalyst, and the catalyst includes a solid microporous acid component having 8-MR to 10-MR access. The hydrogen gas stream in the reaction zone has a partial pressure from 1 bar (100 kPa) to 48 bar (4800 kPa), and the reaction zone is at a temperature from 350 C. to 500 C.

Catalytic forms and formulations are provided. The catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

A process for converting oxygenates to hydrocarbons includes introducing a feed stream having at least one oxygenate into a reaction zone, and introducing a hydrogen gas stream into the reaction zone. In the reaction zone the feed stream and the hydrogen gas stream are simultaneously contacted with a catalyst, and the catalyst includes a solid microporous acid component having 8-MR to 10-MR access. The hydrogen gas stream in the reaction zone has a partial pressure from 1 bar (100 kPa) to 48 bar (4800 kPa), and the reaction zone is at a temperature from 350 C. to 500 C.

Catalytic systems and methods for treating process streams are disclosed. Catalytic wet oxidation and hydrolysis techniques may be used to treat one or more undesirable constituents. Methane may be produced in connection with at least some embodiments.

A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400? C. to 1000? C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.

Embodiments relate to methods for enhancing chemical conversions. One or more embodiments relate to a method for enhancing a multi-step chemical conversion reaction. The method includes providing a reactant mixture comprising one or more reacting specie(s); and providing a catalyst or sorbent comprising one or more support materials and one or more deposited catalytically active materials. The method further includes applying an electromagnetic field with a prescribed power, frequency, and pulsing strategy specific to interactions of reactant species and an electromagnetic field with at least one of the support materials, sorbent, and catalytically active materials in a particular chemical reaction.

Manage sulfur present as sulfur or a sulfur compound in a hydrocarbon feedstream while effecting dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon(s) (e.g. propane) contained in the hydrocarbon feedstream to its/their corresponding olefin (e.g. propylene where the hydrocarbon is propane) without subjecting the feedstream to desulfurization before it contacts a fluidizable dehydrogenation catalyst that is both a desulfurant and a dehydrogenation catalyst and comprises gallium and platinum on an alumina or alumina-silica catalyst support with optional alkali or alkaline earth metal such as potassium. Contact with such a catalyst yields a desulfurized crude olefin product that corresponds to the hydrocarbon and has a reduced amount of sulfur or sulfur compounds relative to the sulfur or sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstream prior to contact with the catalyst.