Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400 C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

Exemplary systems and methods process gas streams comprising methane. Exemplary reactors receive a gas stream and comprise catalyst material in a reaction zone. Non-thermal plasma may be generated in the reaction zone. A temperature of the reaction zone may be maintained within a predetermined temperature range. Products may be collected from a reactor outlet.

The present invention provides a composition comprising 10-40 mass % of C.sub.8-30 linear alkanes, up to 20 mass % of C.sub.7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons, at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic, and no more than 1 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of C.sub.8-30 alkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass %, and the total amount of C.sub.8-30 alkanes, C.sub.7-20 aromatic hydrocarbons and C.sub.8-30 cycloalkanes is at least 95 mass %; wherein the composition comprises 45-90 mass % in total of C.sub.8-30 cycloalkanes and C.sub.8-30 branched alkanes; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method of producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step.

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400 C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400 C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

Disclosed are processes for conversion of a feedstock comprising C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to lighter aromatic products in which the feedstock and optionally hydrogen are contacted in the presence of the catalyst composition under conversion conditions effective to dealkylate and transalkylate said C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to produce said lighter aromatic products comprising benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a first metal, and a second metal, and is treated with a source of sulfur and/or a source of steam.

A method for converting shale gas to aromatic hydrocarbons includes passing a feedstock comprising ethane gas and methane gas to an aromatization reactor; converting a portion of the methane gas and ethane gas in the feedstock to liquid aromatic hydrocarbons with a zeolite based catalyst at a temperature of 750 C to 900 C; separating unconverted methane gas from liquid aromatic hydrocarbons; separating unconverted methane gas from the unconverted ethane gas; recycling the separated methane gas to the aromatization reactor; recovering aromatic hydrocarbons in a product stream after separation and removal from the aromatization reactor. Less than or equal to 95% of the ethane is converted to aromatic hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to a catalyst system comprising: i. a first layer of a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising: a first composition comprising a platinum group metal on a solid support; and a second composition comprising a transition metal on an inorganic support; ii. a second layer comprising a cracking catalyst; and to a process for conversion of a hydrocarbon feed utilizing this catalyst system.