A method for making cyclopentadiene fuels comprising producing cyclopent-2-en-1-one or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one from a bio-based source. The cyclopent-2-en-1-one or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-one is hydrogenated, thereby forming cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or a mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol. The cyclopent-2-en-1-ol or the mixture of cyclopent-2-en-1-ol is dehydrated with a dehydrating agent, thereby forming cyclopentadiene or a mixture of cyclopentadiene. The cyclopentadiene or mixture of cyclopentadiene is converted to dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene. The dicyclopentadiene or dihydrodicyclopentadiene is hydrogenated, thereby forming tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene. The tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene is isomerized, thereby forming exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene.

A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

A method of forming a light-polyisobutylene may include polymerizing isobutene or an isobutene-containing monomer mixture in presence of a proton-form zeolite catalyst to form a light-polyisobutylene. A light-polyisobutylene may be formed by the method of polymerizing isobutene or an isobutene-containing monomer mixture in presence of a proton-form zeolite catalyst.

A method for the preparation of polyol from an unsaturated TAG oil that can function similarly to castor oil in certain applications. The method comprises controlled epoxidation of the TAG oil with an acid and an oxidizing agent to obtain a partially epoxidized TAG oil with desired iodine and oxirane values; hydroxylating the partially epoxidized TAG oil using a monoalcohol and a solid acid catalyst to obtain the polyol. The resulting polyols are comprised of a triglyceride structure and hydroxyl values, viscosities, and colors that are similar to castor oil.

A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

The present invention relates to a process for production of oligomer products from olefinic C4 feed stocks comprising isobutene, butenes, butanes, butadienes and mixture thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of oligomers using olefinic C4 feed stock in presence of tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) and iso propyl alcohol (IPA).

A continuous mixing reactor has an outer shell having a cylindrical portion with a central section and two opposite conical end sections; a circulation tube within the shell so that an annular passage forms between the shell and the circulation tube; an impeller within and positioned adjacent to one end of the circulation tube; and heat exchange means penetrating the outer shell and extending into the end of the circulation tube opposite the impeller. The outer shell has a hydraulic head forming one end of the shell, a heat exchange medium header at the opposite end of the shell. The circulation tube nearer the heat exchange medium header terminates at or downstream from a tangential plane extending through the shell at the intersection of the central section and the conical end section of the cylindrical portion of shell. The reactor is useful in an alkylation process.

A method 100 to produce one or more diene molecules 135 including steps of preparing a biomass hydrolysate 137 from biomass, producing an engineered organism 120 that can feed on the biomass hydrolysate and express an alcohol product useful to make the diene molecule, fermenting 115 the broth with the engineered organism, separating 125 the alcohol product from fermentation broth, and catalyzing 130 the alcohol to create the diene molecule.

A method for the preparation of polyol from an unsaturated TAG oil that can function similarly to castor oil in certain applications. The method comprises controlled epoxidation of the TAG oil with an acid and an oxidizing agent to obtain a partially epoxidized TAG oil with desired iodine and oxirane values; hydroxylating the partially epoxidized TAG oil using a monoalcohol and a solid acid catalyst to obtain the polyol. The resulting polyols are comprised of a triglyceride structure and hydroxyl values, viscosities, and colors that are similar to castor oil.

An improved process and apparatus for the selective reaction of terpenes (including mono-, sesqui-, di-terpenes, and others in the terpene family), alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and related olefins to their respective dimeric product in high purity using heterogeneous acid catalyst concurrent with full utilization of energy created in the process. Embodiments of the invention carry out a unique and highly efficient dimerization of terpenes, alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and olefins using cost effective catalysts and low cost equipment that are ideally suited for commercialization of jet/turbine and diesel biofuel processes producing fuels with high flashpoints and superb cold flow properties.