Disclosed herein, inter alia, are inhibitors of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and methods of using the same.

Described herein are compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, of the following formula:

##STR00001##

The compounds are useful for treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

The disclosure provides, inter alia, alpha-5 beta-1 inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising alpha-5 beta-1 inhibitors, methods for treating diseases using alpha-5 beta-1 inhibitors, and processes for making alpha-5 beta-1 inhibitors.

In order to improve resin physical properties such as heat resistance (glass transition temperature) of a resin such as polyester obtained from 2,2′-bis(carboxymethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthyl, provided is a composition for a resin raw material containing a compound represented by formula (1) as a component A and a compound represented by formula (2) as a component B, wherein their composition ratios are in ranges wherein the component A is present in an amount of 98.0 area % or more and 99.99 area % or less, and the component B is present in an amount of 1.50 area % or less, relative to the total amount of all components detected at a wavelength of 280 nm by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis using a UV detector.

##STR00001##

A drug containing, as an active ingredient, a compound having an antagonistic activity against an EP.sub.2 receptor in the prevention and/or treatment of a disease associated with the activation of an EP.sub.2 receptor, of formula (I-A):

##STR00001##

wherein all symbols have the same meanings as those described in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. For example, methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. A method described herein, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including a photoredox catalyst, a transition metal catalyst, a coupling partner and a substrate having a carboxyl group. The reaction mixture is irradiated with a radiation source resulting in cross-coupling of the substrate and coupling partner via a mechanism including decarboxylation, wherein the coupling partner is selected from the group consisting of a substituted aromatic compound and a substituted aliphatic compound.

A method of oxygenating a benzylic C—H bond is provided. The method comprises light induced activation of an initiator and subsequent reaction with oxygen, resulting in the formation of free radicals. Subsequently, free radicals catalyze the reaction of the benzylic C—H bond with oxygen, thereby forming an oxygenated compound.

Described are polymerizable high energy light absorbing compounds of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, and X are as described herein. The compounds absorb various wavelengths of ultraviolet and/or high energy visible light and are suitable for incorporation in various products, such as biomedical devices and ophthalmic devices.

Disclosed herein are secondary amine compounds that inhibit tRNA synthetase. The compounds of the invention are useful in inhibiting tRNA synthetase in Gram-negative bacteria and are useful in killing Gram-negative bacteria. The secondary amine compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Derivatives of 1-phenyl-tetralin were found to be pesticidally active having high efficiency against several Basidomyceta, Ascomycota and Heterokontophyta fungi as well as protobacteria of the genus Pseudomonas.