A method comprising synthesizing a cyclic organic compound (3) via reaction of an substituted alkene (1) with an unsubstituted or substituted acrylic acid (2) in the presence of a sulfonic acid reagent to make the cyclic organic compound (3) R1(H)C═C(H)R2 (1) ##STR00001##

Disclosed are cationic lipids comprising a vitamin substructure and an ionizable nitrogen-containing group. Cationic lipids provided herein can be useful for delivery and expression of mRNA and encoded protein, e.g., as a component of liposomal delivery vehicle, and accordingly can be useful for treating various diseases, disorders and conditions, such as those associated with deficiency of one or more proteins.

The present disclosure relates to a method for labeling a radioisotope includes providing a cyclooctyne compound represented by the following formula (I), and to which a biomolecule, a fluorescent dye, or a nanoparticle compound is bound, and reacting the cyclooctyne compound with a quinone compound represented by the following formula (II) and labeled with the radioisotope in room temperature; a radiolabeling compound represented by the following formula (II), for labeling a molecule having a cyclooctyne moiety; and a composition for medical diagnosis or for treating cancer comprising a quinone compound represented by the following formula (II) and labeled with the radioisotope:

##STR00001##

in formula (I), Z is the biomolecule, the fluorescent dye, or the nanoparticle compound,

##STR00002##

in formula (II), b is 0 or an integer from 1 to 10; L is CH.sub.2, COO, or CONH; M is the radioisotope.

A method comprising synthesizing a cyclic organic compound (3) via reaction of an substituted alkene (1) with an unsubstituted or substituted acrylic acid (2) in the presence of a sulfonic acid reagent to make the cyclic organic compound (3) R1(II)CC(H)R2 (I)

##STR00001##

The invention relates to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid having a bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN) group, particularly when said BCN group is present as: a residue of a lysine amino acid. The invention also relates to a method of producing a polypeptide comprising a BCN group, said method comprising genetically incorporating an amino acid comprising a BCN group into a polypeptide. The invention also relates to an amino acid comprising bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN), particularly and amino acid which is bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN) lysine. In addition the invention relates to a Py1RS tRNA synthetase comprising the mutations Y271M, L274G and C313A.

Disclosed are methods of purifying the compound (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 to obtain the compound in crystalline form. The methods typically include the steps of dissolving (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 in a solvent comprising ethyl acetate and hexane to form a solution, allowing crystals of (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 to form and precipitate from the solution, and recovering the crystals of (22E)-(24R)-2-methylene-22-dehydro-1,24,25-trihydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D.sub.3 from the solution.

Aspects of the present disclosure include G6PD-modulating agents and methods for modulating a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in a sample using such agents. A G6PD-modulating agent can be dimeric and include two terminal carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups connected via a linker. In some instances, the agent includes a diamino-containing linker. In certain cases, the agent includes two amino substituents. Also provided are methods for treating a subject for a G6PD deficiency-associated condition, that include administering to a subject an effective amount of a G6PD-modulating agent to selectively activate a mutant G6PD and treat the subject. Kits and compositions for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

A process for preparing a fused-ring alkane fuel, wherein the fused-ring alkane fuel has the following structure: ##STR00001##
wherein n is 1 or 2; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are H or CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2CH.sub.3;
the fused-ring alkane fuel has a density of greater than 0.870 g/cm.sup.3, a freezing point of not higher than 50 C., and a net mass heat value of not less than 42.0 MJ/kg; the process for preparing a fused-ring alkane fuel, wherein the process includes steps of: (1) in a presence of ultraviolet light and a photocatalyst, a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic enone and a substituted or unsubstituted furan molecule occurs to produce a fuel precursor molecule: ##STR00002##
(2) the fuel precursor molecule obtained in the step (1) is subjected to hydrodeoxygenation to produce the fused-ring alkane fuel. ##STR00003##

Conformationally strained irans-cycloalkenes and derivatives thereof suitable for radiolabeling in a subject in need thereof.

A process for preparing a fused-ring alkane fuel, wherein the fused-ring alkane fuel has the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein n is 1 or 2; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are H or CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2CH.sub.3;
the fused-ring alkane fuel has a density of greater than 0.870 g/cm.sup.3, a freezing point of not higher than 50 C., and a net mass heat value of not less than 42.0 MJ/kg; the process for preparing a fused-ring alkane fuel, wherein the process includes steps of: (1) in a presence of ultraviolet light and a photocatalyst, a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic enone and a substituted or unsubstituted furan molecule occurs to produce a fuel precursor molecule:

##STR00002##

(2) the fuel precursor molecule obtained in the step (1) is subjected to hydrodeoxygenation to produce the fused-ring alkane fuel.

##STR00003##