A sulfuric acid ester containing a plurality of carbonyl groups or a salt thereof, and a surfactant. The sulfuric acid ester is a compound represented by the following formula:

R.sup.1—C(═O)—R.sup.2—C(═O)—R.sup.3—OSO.sub.3X

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined herein; X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring. Also disclosed is a surfactant containing the sulfuric acid ester and an aqueous dispersant containing the sulfuric acid ester.

The present invention relates to triarylmethane compounds of the formula (I), which suitable as monomers for preparing thermoplastic resins having beneficial optical properties and which can be used for producing optical devices. R.sup.1 , R.sup.2 are e.g. hydrogen; Y is an alkylene group having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, Ar is selected from mono- or polycyclic aryl and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl; X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4 are CH, C—R.sup.x or N, provided that in each ring at most two of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4 are N; R.sup.x is e.g. halogen, CN or CH═CH.sub.2. The invention also relates to thermoplastic resins comprising a polymerized unit of the compound of formula (I).

##STR00001##

A sulfuric acid ester containing a plurality of carbonyl groups or a salt thereof, and a surfactant. The sulfuric acid ester is a compound represented by the following formula:
R.sup.1—C(═O)—R.sup.2—C(═O)—R.sup.3—OSO.sub.3X wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined herein; X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

Disclosed are methods of preparing unsaturated carbocyclic compounds through dehydrogenation of corresponding saturated carbocyclic compounds.

Diterpene synthases and methods of their use are described herein.

A display device includes: a base substrate; a light emitting element on the base substrate; a thin film encapsulation layer on the light emitting element to encapsulate the light emitting element; a touch member on the thin film encapsulation layer; a color filter layer on the touch member; and a planarization layer on the color filter layer to cover the color filter layer, wherein the planarization layer includes a light absorber represented by Formula 1:

XArY.Formula 1

An organic electroluminescence device includes a first electrode, a hole transport region on the first electrode, an emission layer on the hole transport region, an electron transport region on the emission layer, and a second electrode on the electron transport region. The hole transport region includes a monoamine compound represented by the following Formula 1: ##STR00001##

Conformationally strained irans-cycloalkenes and derivatives thereof suitable for radiolabeling in a subject in need thereof.

A sulfuric acid ester containing a plurality of carbonyl groups or a salt thereof, and a surfactant. The sulfuric acid ester is a compound represented by the following formula:

R.sup.1C(O)R.sup.2C(O)R.sup.3OSO.sub.3X

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined herein; X is H, a metal atom, NR.sup.4.sub.4, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R.sup.4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

The present invention relates to compounds and their uses, in particular, compounds in the form of prodrugs that promote transport of a pharmaceutical agent to the lymphatic system and subsequently enhance release of the parent drug.