The present invention relates to an adamantane derivative compound and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) including the same, and more particularly, to an adamantane derivative compound capable of being used in an OLED and an OLED having excellent properties such as low voltage and high efficiency using the compound.

The present invention provides an organic EL device having at least an anode, a first hole transport layer, a second hole transport layer, a luminous layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode in this order, wherein the second hole transport layer contains an arylamine compound represented by the following general formula (1), and the electron transport layer contains a pyrimidine derivative represented by the following general formula (2). The organic EL device of the present invention has a high efficiency, and is driven at a low driving voltage. Further, it has a particularly long lifetime. ##STR00001##

Provided are a fluorinated compound for patterning a metal or an electrode (cathode), an organic electronic element using the same, and an electronic device thereof, wherein a fine pattern of the electrode is formed by using the fluorinated compound as a material for patterning a metal or an electrode (cathode), without using a shadow mask, and it is possible to more easily apply UDC since it is easy to manufacture a transparent display having high light transmittance.

A condensed cyclic compound is represented by Formula 1 and satisfies Equation 1. An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including at least one light-emitting unit; and at least one of the condensed cyclic compound.

|E.sub.H,HOMOE.sub.H,HOMO-1|0.3 eVEquation 1

##STR00001##

A method for reducing the mutagenicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC's) having one or more bay regions which involves alkylating the PAC's with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst to lower the mutagenicity down to as much as about 0.1. The resulting alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds retain their physical and chemical properties for safe industrial use including as rubber processing oils, inks, etc.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage and/or current efficiency characteristics can be provided by comprising the organic electroluminescent compound according to the present disclosure.

An organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and a long lifetime is provided by combining various materials for an organic EL device, which are excellent, as materials for an organic electroluminescent device having high efficiency and high durability, in hole and electron injection/transport performances, electron blocking ability, stability in a thin-film state and durability, so as to allow the respective materials to effectively reveal their characteristics. In the organic electroluminescent device having at least an anode, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode in this order, the hole transport layer includes an arylamine compound represented by the following general formula (1), and the light emitting layer includes an amine derivative of the following general formula (2) having a condensed ring structure.
[Chemical Formula 1] ##STR00001##

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives represented by the following general formula: (I) wherein R independently represents an aromatic group and/or an aliphatic group; Q is one of a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon, a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, a polycyclic hydrocarbon, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and/or a fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; wherein the substituents independently comprise one or more of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a carbon atom, an oxygen atom (e.g. an alkylated oxygen atom), a nitrogen atom (e.g. an alkylated nitrogen atom), a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group and/or an aryl group; p is an integer of 1 to 2; q is an integer of 1 to 4; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 independently represent one or more of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a carbon atom, an oxygen atom (e.g. an alkylated oxygen atom), a nitrogen atom (e.g. an alkylated nitrogen atom), a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group and/or an aryl group; and x is an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more.

##STR00001##

Provided are compounds having a first ligand L.sub.A of Formula I

##STR00001##

Also provided are formulations comprising these compounds. Further provided are OLEDs and related consumer products that utilize these compounds.

The present application relates to a specific fluorene derivative, to its use in an electronic device and to an electronic device comprising said fluorene derivatives. Further, the present application relates to a process for the preparation of such fluorene compounds and to oligomers, polymers or dendrimers as well as formulations or compositions comprising one or more of said fluorene compounds.