Methods of hydromethylation of alkenes and ketones, including methods that use Tebbe's reagent. The methods may include contacting Cp.sub.2Ti(μ-Cl)(μ-CH.sub.2)AlMe.sub.2 and an alkene or a ketone to produce an intermediate product that may include a titanacyclobutane. The intermediate product may be contacted with an acid to produce a methylated product.

Provided are: an ionic liquid including the fluorine-containing phosphate ester anions represented by formula (1); and a lubricating oil composition including said ionic liquid.

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(In the formula, Rf represents a C1-14 perfluoroalkyl group. R.sup.1 represents a C1-8 alkyl group.)

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: ##STR00001##
The compounds, compositions, methods and kits of the invention are useful for the treatment of pain, itch, and neurogenic inflammation.

The present inventors found cyclic peptide compounds that interact with Ras, and non-natural amino acids useful for the production of the cyclic peptide compounds. The inventors also found that the cyclic peptide compounds inhibit the binding between Ras and SOS. In addition, the inventors found specific non-natural amino acids contained in the cyclic peptide compounds and methods for production thereof.

A compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is described, wherein the substituents are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and method of using the same are also described.

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A compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is described, wherein the substituents are as defined herein. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and method of using the same are also described.

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Disclosed herein, inter alia, are inhibitors of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and methods of using the same.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: ##STR00001## The compounds, compositions, methods and kits of the invention are useful for the treatment of pain, itch, and neurogenic inflammation.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof: ##STR00001## The compounds, compositions, methods and kits of the invention are useful for the treatment of pain, itch, and neurogenic inflammation.

Provided are compounds of Formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and p are as defined herein. Also provided is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods of using a compound of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

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