The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II):

##STR00001##

comprising treating a compound of Formula (I):

##STR00002##

with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

It has been found that the membrane permeability of peptide compounds can be improved by making at least one of amino acids constituting the peptide compound be an amino acid having a side chain capable of forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond.

It has been found that the membrane permeability of peptide compounds can be improved by making at least one of amino acids constituting the peptide compound be an amino acid having a side chain capable of forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond.

A composition includes a perfluorinated propenylamine represented by the following general formula (1): Each occurrence of Rf1 and Rf2 is: (i) independently a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms and optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms; or (ii) bonded together to form a ring structure having 4-8 carbon atoms and that optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms. At least 60 wt. % of the perfluorinated propenylamine is in the form of the E isomer, based on the total weight of the perfluorinated propenylamine in the composition. ##STR00001##

This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”). ##STR00001##

This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”). ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to a compound represented by Structural Formula (A):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The variables for Structural Formula (A) are defined herein. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Structural Formula (A) and its therapeutic use.

The present invention is directed to a compound represented by Structural Formula (A):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The variables for Structural Formula (A) are defined herein. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Structural Formula (A) and its therapeutic use.

In one aspect, compounds of Formula AA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured:

##STR00001## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula A can be as defined anywhere herein.

Described herein is a perfluorinated aminoolefin compound of general formula (I): CFY═CXN(R.sub.f)CF.sub.2R.sub.f′ where: (a) R.sub.f and R.sub.f′ are (i) independently selected from a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, optionally comprising at least one catenated O or N atom, or (ii) bonded together to form a perfluorinated ring structure having 4-8 ring carbon atoms, optionally comprising at least one catenated O atom; and (b) X and Y are (i) independently selected from a perfluoroalkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, or (ii) bonded together to form a perfluorinated ring structure having 5-6 ring carbon atoms. Such compounds may be used in heat transfer, foam blowing or immersion cooling applications, or as a working fluid in a Rankine cycle, a coating or lubricant, or as a dielectric fluid. Also disclosed herein is a method for making such compounds.