A method, a device, and a computer program product for determining a refractive error of an eye of a user are disclosed, as well as a method for producing a spectacle lens. The method for determining includes: a) displaying an image with a spatial modulation to the user; b) optionally, recording a reaction of the user to a variation of the spatial modulation over time; c) detecting a point in time at which a perception threshold of the user is reached; and d) determining the refractive error of the user from the spatial modulation, wherein the image contains a source image with several picture elements, wherein values for an image parameter are assigned to the picture elements, and wherein the spatial modulation is generated such that the values of the image parameter determine the values of a modulation parameter of the spatial modulation in the image.

A method to self-test vision of a user for use with a handheld vision tester includes receiving image data of the user's face, determining dimensions of the user's face based on the received image data, computing a user viewing distance based on the determined dimensions, displaying a vision test based on the computed user viewing distance, receiving user input responses to the vision test, and outputting results of the vision test from the user input responses.

An electroactive device may include (1) an electroactive polymer element having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the electroactive polymer element comprising a nanovoided polymer material, (2) a primary electrode abutting the first surface of the electroactive polymer element, and (3) a secondary electrode abutting the second surface of the electroactive polymer element. The electroactive polymer element may be deformable from an initial state to a deformed state by application of an electrostatic field produced by a potential difference between the primary electrode and the secondary electrode. Various other devices, systems, and methods are also disclosed.

A personalized assistance system for a user of a vision correction device includes a remote computing unit with a controller having a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory on which instructions are recorded. The controller is configured to selectively execute one or more machine learning models. A user device is operable by the user and includes an electronic diary module configured to prompt the user to answer one or more preselected questions at specific intervals. The electronic diary module is configured to store respective answers, entered by the user in response to the one or more preselected questions, as self-reported data. The controller is configured to obtain the self-reported data from the electronic diary module and generate an analysis of the self-reported data, via the one or more machine learning models. The controller is configured to assist the user based in part on the analysis.

A method for tracking a pupil according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: detecting an upper eyelid and a lower eyelid in eyes; detecting an opening degree of the eye; detecting the pupil between the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid; generating a pupil coordinate in accordance with the detected pupil; and calculating a coordinate value for one point of the pupil in the pupil coordinate.

Systems and methods for allowing a user with no prior training to receive automated vision measurements without assistance of another individual by using subjective inputs from a user, which may be supplemented by a predictive method. The predictive method comprising artificial intelligence, patient data, user inputs, automated inputs from cameras and the like. The system may make use of a specific algorithm, decision tree, set of instructions, programming instructions, and the like, in order to provide vision measurements. The system combines programming instructions executed by a processor, output devices, input controls, and a plurality of corrective lenses to find a patient or user's vision measurements.

This optometry system, for presenting a test chart to an eye being tested and subjectively measuring an optical characteristic of the eye being tested, is provided with a setting means which sets a reference value based on the subject's reaction time to a test chart, a reaction input means which inputs the response of the subject reading the test chart, a control means which automatically advances the test on the basis of an input signal from the response input means, and a guidance information output means which, on the basis of the reference value set by the testing means, outputs guidance information for guiding the subject to input a response during testing of the eye being tested. Hereby, it is possible to accurately carry out a subjective test on the eye being tested.

A device for measuring eye movement in a human subject comprises a housing, at least one stimulator mounted to the housing, and a sensor. The at least one stimulator is configured to provide stimulus to one or both eyes of the subject. The sensor is configured to collect information related to movement of one or both eyes of the subject. The device also includes a user interface that is configured to control the at least one stimulator and display information collected by the camera.

A telestroke eye examination accessory device, a system incorporating the same, and methods of using the same, are described. The telestroke eye examination accessory device includes eyewear having a first eye well and a second eye well, a first camera positioned within the first eye well, a second camera positioned within the second eye well, a first light array having lights in each of four different quadrants in the first eye well, and a second light array having lights in each of four different quadrants in the second eye well. The system further includes a graphical user interface useful for a practitioner using the telestroke eye examination accessory device to assess the field of vision of a patient wearing the eyewear.

A method and apparatus of early-stage detection of glaucoma and other optic nerve or retinal diseases employs dynamic images that are processed differently by Y-like cells and X-like cells to provide a sensitive detection of early Y-like cell impairment which provides early indications of glaucoma isolated from non-specific information from X-like cells.