The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), and their use in methods for treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject using a compound of Formula (I). The invention also provides the use of a compound of Formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a protozoan infection in a subject. The invention further provides a medical device when used in a method of treating or preventing a protozoan infection in a subject and to a medical device comprising the composition of the invention.

Disclosed are compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of the invention are BDII-selective inhibitors of BET proteins, and have therapeutic potential for treating cancer, acute kidney disease, and viral infections, among other diseases.

Provided are a novel acyclic carbene ligand for ruthenium complex formation; a ruthenium complex catalyst using the ligand; a method of using the complex as a catalyst in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction; a method of preparing the ruthenium complex catalyst; and a method of preparing a linear alpha-olefin, the method including the step of reacting a linear or cyclic alkene compound in the presence of the ruthenium complex catalyst. The acyclic carbene ligand of the present invention and the ruthenium complex catalyst using the same have high selectivity and turnover number for terminal olefin formation in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction, and thus linear α-olefins may be prepared with a high yield.

Provided are a novel acyclic carbene ligand for ruthenium complex formation; a ruthenium complex catalyst using the ligand; a method of using the complex as a catalyst in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction; a method of preparing the ruthenium complex catalyst; and a method of preparing a linear alpha-olefin, the method including the step of reacting a linear or cyclic alkene compound in the presence of the ruthenium complex catalyst. The acyclic carbene ligand of the present invention and the ruthenium complex catalyst using the same have high selectivity and turnover number for terminal olefin formation in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction, and thus linear α-olefins may be prepared with a high yield.

Described are methods for preparing a deuterated aldehyde using with a photocatalyst and a hydrogen atom transfer agent in a H.sub.2O free solvent comprising D.sub.2O and an organic solvent under an inert gas. The methods may be used to convert a wide variety of aldehydes (e.g., aryl, alkyl, or alkenyl aldehydes) to C-1 deuterated aldehydes under mild reaction conditions.

The present invention provides compounds of formula I

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, R.sup.1, R.sup.1a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.2′, R.sup.2″, R.sup.3′, R.sup.3″, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Further the present invention is concerned with the manufacture of the compounds of formula I, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use as medicaments.

The present invention provides compounds of formula I

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, R.sup.1, R.sup.1a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.2′, R.sup.2″, R.sup.3′, R.sup.3″, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are as described herein, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Further the present invention is concerned with the manufacture of the compounds of formula I, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and their use as medicaments.

An organic compound represented by the following general formula [1] is excellent in thermal stability. ##STR00001##
In the general formula [1], R.sub.1 to R.sub.12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a substituent. Symbol A is selected from the group consisting of a divalent residue of naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene or spirofluorene, and a heteroarylene group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Symbol B is selected from the group consisting of an arylene group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms and a heteroarylene group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Symbol n is an integer of 0 to 3.

An organic compound represented by the following general formula [1] is excellent in thermal stability. ##STR00001##
In the general formula [1], R.sub.1 to R.sub.12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a substituent. Symbol A is selected from the group consisting of a divalent residue of naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, benzofluorene, dibenzofluorene or spirofluorene, and a heteroarylene group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Symbol B is selected from the group consisting of an arylene group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms and a heteroarylene group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms. Symbol n is an integer of 0 to 3.

The present invention relates to a compound as represented by formula (I). The present invention also provides compositions and formulations containing such compounds, and methods for using and preparing such compounds.

##STR00001##