The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

A monomer, an organic layer composition, an organic layer, and a method of forming a pattern, the monomer being represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##

A monomer, an organic layer composition, an organic layer, and a method of forming a pattern, the monomer being represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001##

An organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1) below. In General Formula (G1), X represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, Ar.sup.2 represents a group represented by General Formula (G1-1) below, and Ar.sup.1 represents an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.16 and R.sup.21 to R.sup.29 represents any of halogen, a nitrile group, an alkenyl group, a vinyl group, an alkynyl group, an ethynyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

An organic compound is represented by General Formula (G1) below. In General Formula (G1), X represents a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, Ar.sup.2 represents a group represented by General Formula (G1-1) below, and Ar.sup.1 represents an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.16 and R.sup.21 to R.sup.29 represents any of halogen, a nitrile group, an alkenyl group, a vinyl group, an alkynyl group, an ethynyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylsilyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

Compounds and methods for stimulating neurogenesis (e.g., post-natal neurogenesis, including post-natal hippocampal and hypothalamic neurogenesis) and/or protecting neuronal cell from cell death are disclosed herein. In vivo activity tests suggest that these compounds may have therapeutic benefits in neuropsychiatric and/or neurodegenerative diseases such as schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, normal aging, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, spinocerebellar ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, stroke, radiation therapy, chronic stress, abuse of a neuro-active drug, retinal degeneration, spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, physiological weight loss associated with various conditions, as well as cognitive decline associated with normal aging, chemotherapy, and the like.

Compounds and methods for stimulating neurogenesis (e.g., post-natal neurogenesis, including post-natal hippocampal and hypothalamic neurogenesis) and/or protecting neuronal cell from cell death are disclosed herein. In vivo activity tests suggest that these compounds may have therapeutic benefits in neuropsychiatric and/or neurodegenerative diseases such as schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar disorder, normal aging, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, spinocerebellar ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, stroke, radiation therapy, chronic stress, abuse of a neuro-active drug, retinal degeneration, spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, physiological weight loss associated with various conditions, as well as cognitive decline associated with normal aging, chemotherapy, and the like.

This disclosure provides a family of compounds that absorb and fluoresce in the short wave infrared region (SWIR, optionally 1000 nm to 1300 nm), including hydrophilic compounds that exhibit absorption and emission spectral profiles in aqueous solutions substantially similar to those observed in organic solvents such as methanol or DMSO. The compounds can be chemically linked to biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and therapeutic small molecules. The compounds are useful for imaging in a variety of medical, biological and diagnostic applications, including SWIR in vivo imaging of regions of interest within a mammal.

The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (1) and (2) which are suitable for use in electro?nic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices.