A compound represented by Formula (1) or a salt thereof is provided. R1 represents a C1-C6 alkyl group optionally substituted, a C1-C6 haloalkyl group or the like, R2 represents a halogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl group optionally substituted, a C1-C6 alkyloxy group optionally substituted or the like, R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halgenatom, C1-C6 alkyl group optionally substituted or the like, n represents an integer of 0 to 5, X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y represents a phenyl group or a pyridyl group that is substituted with substituent at an ortho position, and the bond with a broken line indicates a double bond or a single bond.

##STR00001##

Chelation directed CH activation reactions that are catalyzed by Pd(11) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), or graphene are provided. The reactions are used to directly and regioselectively or regiospecifically functionalize specific CH bonds, e.g. to build complexity into small molecules. Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of invention that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The invention will be realized and attained by the compositions and methods particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Disclosed herein is a cost effective and environmentally friendly process to prepare 1-hydroxy-6-substituted pyridones from 2,6-dichloropyridine. The process includes the steps of (a) reacting 2,6-dichloropyridine with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid at a first temperature to produce a first intermediate containing (1) trifluoroacetic acid and (2) 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide and/or salts thereof; (b) adding sulfuric acid to the first intermediate to provide a second intermediate; (c) removing trifluoroacetic acid from the second intermediate to provide a composition containing 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide and/or salts thereof which is essentially free of trifluoroacetic acid; (d) reacting 2,6-dichloropyridine N-oxide and/or salts thereof from step (c) with RXH and a base wherein each R is independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having between 1 and 20 carbon atoms, X is oxygen or sulfur, to produce a corresponding 2,6-disubstituted-pyridine N-oxide; and (e) heating the disubstituted compound thereby producing the 1-hydroxy-6-substituted pyridone.

To supply a derivative having a 2-acyliminopyridine structure and being represented by the following formula (I) in an amount required as a pest control agent stably and at a low cost, provided is a method comprising the steps of: acylating an amino group at position 2 of a compound represented by formula (A) by use of an acylating agent, to thereby produce a compound represented by formula (B); and further alkylating a nitrogen atom at position 1 of the compound represented by formula (B): ##STR00001##
[where Ar represents a phenyl group or a 5- to 6-membered heterocycle, R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, and Y represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom; a C.sub.1-6 alkyloxy group which may be substituted with a halogen atom; a cyano group; a formyl group; or a nitro group].

To supply a derivative having a 2-acyliminopyridine structure and being represented by the following formula (I) in an amount required as a pest control agent stably and at a low cost, provided is a method comprising the steps of: acylating an amino group at position 2 of a compound represented by formula (A) by use of an acylating agent, to thereby produce a compound represented by formula (B); and further alkylating a nitrogen atom at position 1 of the compound represented by formula (B): ##STR00001##
[where Ar represents a phenyl group or a 5- to 6-membered heterocycle, R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, and Y represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom; a C.sub.1-6 alkyloxy group which may be substituted with a halogen atom; a cyano group; a formyl group; or a nitro group].

Provided herein are processes and intermediate compounds useful for the preparation of 2-carboxamide cycloamino urea derivatives, and useful intermediates therefore.

Trientine prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the trientine prodrugs, and methods of using trientine prodrugs and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating Wilson's disease.

Provided herein are solid forms comprising {[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carbonyl]amino}acetic acid, compositions comprising the solid forms, methods of making the solid forms and methods of their use for the treatment of various diseases and/or disorders.

Compounds and compositions are provided that inhibit histone deacylase activity and which expand renal progenitor cell populations and improve kidney function in a damaged kidney. Methods of use of the compounds and compositions are provided.

The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing the compound 4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-N-(3,5-di-chloro-1-oxido-4-pyridyl)-5-methoxypyridine-2-carboxamide of formula (1), in base or hydrate form or in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and also to several novel synthetic intermediates that are useful in this preparation process. ##STR00001##