Chelation directed C—H activation reactions that are catalyzed by Pd(11) on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), or graphene are provided. The reactions are used to directly and regioselectively or regiospecifically functionalize specific C—H bonds, e.g. to build complexity into small molecules. Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description of invention that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The invention will be realized and attained by the compositions and methods particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.

Methods of inhibiting growth of a Plasmodium species, treating malaria, and inhibiting a glutathione S-transferase are provided. The methods include inhibiting growth of a Plasmodium species comprising contacting a Plasmodium species with a compound as disclosed herein. The methods also include treating malaria comprising administering a compound as disclosed herein to a human or animal patient, preferably a human patient, in need thereof. The methods further include inhibiting a glutathione S-transferase (GST) comprising contacting a GST with a compound as disclosed herein. Also provided are compounds for use in the disclosed methods.

Methods of inhibiting growth of a Plasmodium species, treating malaria, and inhibiting a glutathione S-transferase are provided. The methods include inhibiting growth of a Plasmodium species comprising contacting a Plasmodium species with a compound as disclosed herein. The methods also include treating malaria comprising administering a compound as disclosed herein to a human or animal patient, preferably a human patient, in need thereof. The methods further include inhibiting a glutathione S-transferase (GST) comprising contacting a GST with a compound as disclosed herein. Also provided are compounds for use in the disclosed methods.

The invention relates to an aromatic compound, pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and a method for preparing the compound and an intermediate thereof. The invention also relates to use of the compound for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a PPAR-related disease.

The invention relates to an aromatic compound, pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and a method for preparing the compound and an intermediate thereof. The invention also relates to use of the compound for the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a PPAR-related disease.

Provided are a method of preparing a malononitrile oxime ether compound and an intermediate compound. The malononitrile oxime ether compound has a structure as shown in formula (VII), wherein W is selected from aryl or heteroaryl. The preparation method comprises steps: reacting a first raw material with a second raw material in the presence of a first solvent and a catalyst to obtain the intermediate compound, wherein the first raw material has a structure as shown in formula (IV), and the second raw material has a structure as shown in formula (V); and subjecting the intermediate compound as shown in formula (VI), and, a dehyclrant to a dehydrantion reaction in the presence of a second solvent to obtain the malononitrile oxime ether compound. In the preparation process for the intermediate, a cheaper cyanoacetamide is used as a raw material, the reaction conditions are mild. Moreover, the yield of the intermediate compound is high and the cost of the process is low. Furthermore, the required malononitrile oxime ether compound, is obtained only through one-step dehydration reaction. Using the preparation method, is advantageous for improving the yield of malononitrile oxime ethers and reducing the cost of the process.

##STR00001##

Compounds are provided that modulate the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as methods of their synthesis, and methods of their therapeutic and/or prophylactic use. Such compounds can act as modulators or potentiators of GLP-1 receptor on their own, or with incretin peptides such as GLP-1(7-36) and GLP-1(9-36), or with peptide-based therapies, such as exenatide and liraglutide, and have the following general structure (where “” represents either or both the R and S form of the compound): ##STR00001##
where A, B, C, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Z, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, W.sub.1, n, p and q are as defined herein.

Compounds are provided that modulate the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as methods of their synthesis, and methods of their therapeutic and/or prophylactic use. Such compounds can act as modulators or potentiators of GLP-1 receptor on their own, or with incretin peptides such as GLP-1(7-36) and GLP-1(9-36), or with peptide-based therapies, such as exenatide and liraglutide, and have the following general structure (where “” represents either or both the R and S form of the compound): ##STR00001##
where A, B, C, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Z, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, W.sub.1, n, p and q are as defined herein.

Disclosed herein are new compounds and compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of diseases. Methods of inhibition of KDMIA, methods of increasing gamma globin gene expression, and methods to induce differentiation of cancer cells in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment of diseases such as acute myelogenous leukemia.

Disclosed herein are new compounds and compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of diseases. Methods of inhibition of KDMIA, methods of increasing gamma globin gene expression, and methods to induce differentiation of cancer cells in a human or animal subject are also provided for the treatment of diseases such as acute myelogenous leukemia.