A process for preparing a cyclic ester or a cyclic amide includes contacting hydroxycarboxylic acid and/or amino-carboxylic acid, an ester thereof, or a salt thereof, with acidic zeolite. The hydroxycarboxylic acid is a 2- or 6-hydroxycarboxylic acid, and the amino carboxylic acid is a 2- or 6-amino-carboxylic acid. The zeolite may include two or three interconnected and non-parallel channel systems, in which a channel system includes 10- or more-membered ring channels, and in which a framework Si/X.sub.2 ratio is at least 24 as measured by NMR. X is Al or B. The zeolite may include three interconnected and non-parallel channel systems, in which at least two channel systems include 10- or more-membered ring channels, and in which a framework Si/X.sub.2 ratio is at least 6 as measured by NMR. The process may be performed at a pressure between 0.5 and 20 bar.

Disclosed are compounds having the formula: ##STR00001## wherein X, Y, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, Z.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.A, m, A, L, and B are as defined herein, and methods of making and using the same.

Ionizable cationic lipids, methods for synthesizing the same, intermediates useful in synthesis of the ionizable cationic lipids and methods of synthesizing the intermediates are disclosed. The ionizable cationic lipids are useful as a component of lipid nanoparticles (LNP), which in turn can be used for the delivery of nucleic acids into cells in vivo or ex vivo. LNP compositions are also disclosed, including LNP comprising a functionalized lipid to enable conjugation of a binding moiety, and targeted LNP (tLNP), that is an LNP in which a binding moiety has been conjugated to the functionalized lipid and can serve as a targeting moiety to direct the tLNP to a desired tissue or cell type.

Provided herein are compounds useful for the treatment of HBV infection in a subject in need thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of inhibiting, suppressing, or preventing HBV infection in the subject.

Provided herein are compounds useful for the treatment of HBV infection in a subject in need thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of inhibiting, suppressing, or preventing HBV infection in the subject.

Disclosed are compounds having the formula:

##STR00001##

wherein X, Y, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, Z.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.A, m, A. L, and B are as defined herein, and methods of making and using the same.