Disclosed herein are new antiviral compounds, together with pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more antiviral compounds, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a paramyxovirus viral infection with one or more small molecule compounds. Examples of paramyxovirus infection include an infection caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Disclosed herein are new antiviral compounds, together with pharmaceutical compositions that include one or more antiviral compounds, and methods of synthesizing the same. Also disclosed herein are methods of ameliorating and/or treating a paramyxovirus viral infection with one or more small molecule compounds. Examples of paramyxovirus infection include an infection caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

A non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary batter including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a first additive including a compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein R1, and R2 are each independently hydrogen; or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

A non-aqueous electrolyte solution and a lithium secondary batter including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a first additive including a compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein R1, and R2 are each independently hydrogen; or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

The present invention is directed to benzyl urea compounds of formula (I) which are tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family protein kinase inhibitors, and hence may be useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, thrombosis, a disease, disorder, injury, or malfunction relating to dysmyelination or demyelination or a disease or disorder associated with abnormal activities of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor Trk-A, Trk-B and/or Trk-C. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to benzyl urea compounds of formula (I) which are tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family protein kinase inhibitors, and hence may be useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, cancer, restenosis, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, thrombosis, a disease, disorder, injury, or malfunction relating to dysmyelination or demyelination or a disease or disorder associated with abnormal activities of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor Trk-A, Trk-B and/or Trk-C. ##STR00001##

Disclosure is provided for imidazole derivative compounds useful to inhibit the formation of biofilms and/or inhibit microbial growth, compositions including these compounds, devices including these compounds, and methods of using the same.

Disclosure is provided for imidazole derivative compounds useful to inhibit the formation of biofilms and/or inhibit microbial growth, compositions including these compounds, devices including these compounds, and methods of using the same.

Provided is a tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and/or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor compound for use in medicine, which compound comprises the following formula (I): wherein X.sup.1 is selected from C and N; X.sup.3 and X.sup.5 may be the same or different and each is independently selected from C, N, O and S; Y is selected from N and O; Z is selected from C, N and O; each bond represented by a dotted line may independently be a double bond or a single bond, provided that valencies at each ring atom are maintained and provided that the ring Q contains at least one double bond and provided that the atom N has a double bond; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 may be present or absent and may be the same or different and each is independently selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group, provided that the number of R.sup.3 groups present is such that the valency of X.sup.3 is maintained, and the number of R.sup.5 groups present is such that the valency of X.sup.5 is maintained; each R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be present or absent and may be the same or different and each is independently selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group, provided that the number of R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 groups present is such that the valency of Z is maintained; R.sup.21 is selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group; R.sup.22 may be present or absent and is selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group; and Cy is a cyclic organic group.

##STR00001##

Provided is a tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and/or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor compound for use in medicine, which compound comprises the following formula (I): wherein X.sup.1 is selected from C and N; X.sup.3 and X.sup.5 may be the same or different and each is independently selected from C, N, O and S; Y is selected from N and O; Z is selected from C, N and O; each bond represented by a dotted line may independently be a double bond or a single bond, provided that valencies at each ring atom are maintained and provided that the ring Q contains at least one double bond and provided that the atom N has a double bond; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 may be present or absent and may be the same or different and each is independently selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group, provided that the number of R.sup.3 groups present is such that the valency of X.sup.3 is maintained, and the number of R.sup.5 groups present is such that the valency of X.sup.5 is maintained; each R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be present or absent and may be the same or different and each is independently selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group, provided that the number of R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 groups present is such that the valency of Z is maintained; R.sup.21 is selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group; R.sup.22 may be present or absent and is selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group; and Cy is a cyclic organic group.

##STR00001##