A panum's area measurement method includes: projecting a first parallax image of a spatial object to the left eye of a user under test, and projecting a second parallax image of the spatial object to the right eye of the user under test, the first parallax image comprising a first homologous point and the second parallax image comprising a second homologous point; adjusting a horizontal parallax amount between the first homologous point and the second homologous point until the user under test observes the spatial object producing a ghost; acquiring a parallax amount parameter Δn.sub.e; calculating a horizontal physical spacing Δx between the first homologous point and the second homologous point based on the parallax amount parameter Δn.sub.e; and calculating a panum's area range (μ.sub.in, μ.sub.out) of the user under test based on the horizontal physical spacing Δx.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an optical coherence tomography-based ophthalmic testing center system includes an optical coherence tomography instrument comprising an eyepiece for receiving at least one eye of a user or subject; a light source that outputs light that is directed through the eyepiece into the user's or subject's eye, an interferometer configured to produce optical interference using light reflected from the user's/subject's eye, an optical detector disposed so as to detect said optical interference; and a processing unit coupled to the detector. The ophthalmic testing center system can be configured to perform a multitude of self-administered functional and/or structural ophthalmic tests and output the test data.

Embodiments of the invention include a method to determine a binocular alignment, the method comprising: measuring a disassociated phoria of a first eye and a second eye of a patient at an apparent distance; and determining an accommodative convergence of the first eye and the second eye at the apparent distance using the measured disassociated phoria. In other embodiments, a system to determine a binocular alignment comprises a stereo display, for a projection of images for a first eye and a second eye; an accommodation optics, to modify the projection of the images according to an apparent distance; an eye tracker, to track an orientation of the first eye and the second eye; and a computer, coupled to the stereo display, the accommodation optics and the eye tracker, to manage a determination of the binocular alignment.

Embodiments of the invention include a method to determine a binocular alignment, the method comprising: measuring a disassociated phoria of a first eye and a second eye of a patient at an apparent distance; and determining an accommodative convergence of the first eye and the second eye at the apparent distance using the measured disassociated phoria. In other embodiments, a system to determine a binocular alignment comprises a stereo display, for a projection of images for a first eye and a second eye; an accommodation optics, to modify the projection of the images according to an apparent distance; an eye tracker, to track an orientation of the first eye and the second eye; and a computer, coupled to the stereo display, the accommodation optics and the eye tracker, to manage a determination of the binocular alignment.

A system for determining refraction features of both first and second eyes of a subject including a light field display device, a system of localization of the positions of the first and second eyes of the subject, the light field display device generating a first light field directed selectively toward the first eye, and, respectively, a second light field directed selectively toward the second eye, control circuitry that adjusts the first light field as a function of at least a first refraction parameter associated with at least a first optical aberration for the first eye and the control circuitry adjusting said second light field as a function of at least a second refraction parameter associated with at least a second optical aberration for the second eye.

A system for determining refraction features of both first and second eyes of a subject including a light field display device, a system of localization of the positions of the first and second eyes of the subject, the light field display device generating a first light field directed selectively toward the first eye, and, respectively, a second light field directed selectively toward the second eye, control circuitry that adjusts the first light field as a function of at least a first refraction parameter associated with at least a first optical aberration for the first eye and the control circuitry adjusting said second light field as a function of at least a second refraction parameter associated with at least a second optical aberration for the second eye.

An apparatus for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject, including at least one display for providing a first image representing a first target to a first eye of the subject, and for providing a second image representing a second target to a second eye of the subject, and a control unit to control the at least one display.

An apparatus for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject, including at least one display for providing a first image representing a first target to a first eye of the subject, and for providing a second image representing a second target to a second eye of the subject, and a control unit to control the at least one display.

A medical system and method are disclosed herein. The medical system, in an embodiment, has computer-readable instructions configured to be executed by one or more processors to cause at least one display device of a wearable device to generate a plurality of graphics. The graphics are configured to stimulate a voluntary eye function of at least one eye of a subject, to stimulate an involuntary eye function of the at least one eye, and to block a vision of the at least one eye. The instructions are also configured to cause at least one sensor of the wearable device to sense eye movement, head movement, and pupillary resizing. The instructions are also configured to cause processing of a plurality of sensed eye parameters and any sensed head movement parameters and to generate an examination output that at least indicates a plurality of the sensed eye parameters.

A subjective optometry apparatus has a projection optical system including a visual target presenting portion and an optical member to project a target light flux toward a subject eye, and causing the target light flux to be incident on the optical member with a deviation of the incident target light flux from an optical axis of the optical member, a housing accommodating the projection optical system, a presentation window for emitting the target light flux from the inside of the housing to the outside thereof, an eye refractive power measurement unit provided outside the housing, and holding means integrally connecting the housing to the eye refractive power measurement unit to hold the eye refractive power measuring unit. When using the eye refractive power measuring unit, a distance from the presentation window to the eye refractive power measurement unit in an optical path is equal to or less than 180 mm.