This invention provide a method for producing a carboxylate compound represented by the following formula (3a), the method comprising reacting an imidazolium carboxylic acid salt represented by the following formula (1) and a carbonic acid ester represented by the following formula (2): formulas (1), (2), and (3a):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 are as defined in the specification.

This invention provide a method for producing a carboxylate compound represented by the following formula (3a), the method comprising reacting an imidazolium carboxylic acid salt represented by the following formula (1) and a carbonic acid ester represented by the following formula (2): formulas (1), (2), and (3a):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.7 are as defined in the specification.

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I), methods of using the compounds as immunomodulators, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds are useful in treating, preventing or ameliorating diseases or disorders such as cancer or infections. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formula (I), methods of using the compounds as immunomodulators, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds are useful in treating, preventing or ameliorating diseases or disorders such as cancer or infections. ##STR00001##

This document provides methods and materials for increasing the level of phosphorylated AMPK. For example, compounds (e.g., organic compounds) having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for making compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for making formulations containing compounds having the ability to increase the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, methods for increasing the level of phosphorylated AMPK within cells, and methods for treating mammals (e.g., humans) having a condition responsive to an increase in the level of phosphorylated AMPK are provided.

A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a compound represented by the following Formula 1, and has an excellent effect of scavenging decomposition products generated from the lithium salt, and thus, may improve overall performance of the battery:

##STR00001## wherein in Formula 1, A is a C1 to C5 alkyl group.

A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a compound represented by the following Formula 1, and has an excellent effect of scavenging decomposition products generated from the lithium salt, and thus, may improve overall performance of the battery:

##STR00001## wherein in Formula 1, A is a C1 to C5 alkyl group.

The present invention relates to novel ACSS2 inhibitors having activity as anti-cancer therapy, treatment of alcoholism, and viral infection (e.g., CMV), composition and methods of preparation thereof, and uses thereof for treating viral infection, alcoholism, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), obesity/weight gain, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, inflammatory/autoimmune conditions and cancer, including metastatic cancer, advanced cancer, and dmg resistant cancer of various types.

Provided are compounds of Formula Y-Z: ##STR00001##
The compounds target plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2). The compounds can be used to treat conditions such as inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases, diabetes, infectious diseases, and cancers. The compounds can be used to treat such specific conditions as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalitis, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease, among other conditions.

Provided are compounds of Formula Y-Z: ##STR00001##
The compounds target plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2). The compounds can be used to treat conditions such as inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases, diabetes, infectious diseases, and cancers. The compounds can be used to treat such specific conditions as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalitis, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease, among other conditions.