The present invention is directed to systems, devices and methods for identifying biopolymers, such as strands of DNA, as they pass through a constriction such as a carbon nanotube nanopore. More particularly, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer forms a temporary electrical circuit between the nanotube nanopore and a second electrode, which may also be a nanotube. Further, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which the constriction is provided with a functionalized unit which, together with a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer, forms a temporary electrical circuit that can be used to characterize that portion of the biopolymer.

The present invention is directed to systems, devices and methods for identifying biopolymers, such as strands of DNA, as they pass through a constriction such as a carbon nanotube nanopore. More particularly, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer forms a temporary electrical circuit between the nanotube nanopore and a second electrode, which may also be a nanotube. Further, the invention is directed to such systems, devices and methods in which the constriction is provided with a functionalized unit which, together with a newly translocated portion of the biopolymer, forms a temporary electrical circuit that can be used to characterize that portion of the biopolymer.

The present invention features a compound of formula I:

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, W, X, Y, Z, n, o, p, and q are defined herein, for the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, such as cystic fibrosis. The present invention also features pharmaceutical compositions, method of treating, and kits thereof.

The present invention relates to a novel indene derivative, a preparation method for the same, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising the same as an active ingredient. The novel indene derivative of the present invention, the optical isomer of the same, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the same have excellent inhibitory efficiency of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). Therefore, the composition containing the same as an active ingredient can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating retinal disease exemplified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), Stargardts disease, Usher syndrome, choroideremia, rod-cone or cone-rod dystrophy, ciliopathy, mitochondrial disorders, progressive retinal atrophy, degenerative retinal diseases, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), wet AMD, dry AMD, geographical atrophy, inherited or acquired macular degeneration, retinal photoreceptor diseases, retinal pigment epithelial diseases, diabetic retinopathy, cystic macular edema, uveitis, retinal detachment, traumatic retinal injury, iatrogenic retinal injury, macular holes, macular capillarectasia, ganglion cell diseases, optic nerve diseases, glaucoma, optic neuropathy, ischemic retinal diseases, retinopathy of prematurity, occlusion of retinal vessels, inherited macroaneurysm, retinal vascular diseases, ophthalmic vascular diseases, glaucomatous retinal neurodegeneration, ischemic optic neuropathy and the like.

The present invention relates to a novel indene derivative, a preparation method for the same, and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising the same as an active ingredient. The novel indene derivative of the present invention, the optical isomer of the same, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the same have excellent inhibitory efficiency of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). Therefore, the composition containing the same as an active ingredient can be effectively used as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating retinal disease exemplified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), Stargardts disease, Usher syndrome, choroideremia, rod-cone or cone-rod dystrophy, ciliopathy, mitochondrial disorders, progressive retinal atrophy, degenerative retinal diseases, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), wet AMD, dry AMD, geographical atrophy, inherited or acquired macular degeneration, retinal photoreceptor diseases, retinal pigment epithelial diseases, diabetic retinopathy, cystic macular edema, uveitis, retinal detachment, traumatic retinal injury, iatrogenic retinal injury, macular holes, macular capillarectasia, ganglion cell diseases, optic nerve diseases, glaucoma, optic neuropathy, ischemic retinal diseases, retinopathy of prematurity, occlusion of retinal vessels, inherited macroaneurysm, retinal vascular diseases, ophthalmic vascular diseases, glaucomatous retinal neurodegeneration, ischemic optic neuropathy and the like.

The present invention relates to derivatives of benzimidazoles of formula (I) as disclosed herein as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising said derivatives. The derivates according to the present invention are serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase-inhibitors, particularly of PIM1-3- and DYRK1A-kinases and may particularly be used in the treatment of diseases linked to these kinases, such as e.g. leukemias, lymphomas, solid tumors and autoimmune disorders.

The present invention relates to the use for affinity purification of an antibody or a fragment of an antibody, of a ligand-substituted matrix comprising a support material and at least one ligand covalently bonded to the support material.

The present invention relates to the use for affinity purification of an antibody or a fragment of an antibody, of a ligand-substituted matrix comprising a support material and at least one ligand covalently bonded to the support material.

The invention provides novel heterocyclic compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment that modulate levels of MIF expression and treat disorders associated with high or low levels of MIF expression.

The invention provides novel heterocyclic compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment that modulate levels of MIF expression and treat disorders associated with high or low levels of MIF expression.