The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, A, L, and R.sup.2 and n are as described herein. Compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are αvβ1 integrin inhibitors that are useful for treating tissue specific fibrosis.

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for treating neurodegerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. Methods for inhibiting synapse number decline or membrane trafficking abnormalities associated with exposure of a neuronal cell to Abeta species are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for treating neurodegerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. Methods for inhibiting synapse number decline or membrane trafficking abnormalities associated with exposure of a neuronal cell to Abeta species are also disclosed.

Provided is a method for the synthesis of N-protected bis-3,6-[4-aminobutyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine including the step of heating a solution of ε-amino protected lysine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus pentoxide.

Provided is a method for the synthesis of N-protected bis-3,6-[4-aminobutyl]-2,5-diketopiperazine including the step of heating a solution of ε-amino protected lysine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and phosphorus pentoxide.

Compounds are provided that modulate the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as methods of their synthesis, and methods of their therapeutic and/or prophylactic use. Such compounds can act as modulators or potentiators of GLP-1 receptor on their own, or with incretin peptides such as GLP-1(7-36) and GLP-1(9-36), or with peptide-based therapies, such as exenatide and liraglutide, and have the following general structure (where “” represents either or both the R and S form of the compound): ##STR00001##
where A, B, C, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Z, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, W.sub.1, n, p and q are as defined herein.

Compounds are provided that modulate the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as methods of their synthesis, and methods of their therapeutic and/or prophylactic use. Such compounds can act as modulators or potentiators of GLP-1 receptor on their own, or with incretin peptides such as GLP-1(7-36) and GLP-1(9-36), or with peptide-based therapies, such as exenatide and liraglutide, and have the following general structure (where “” represents either or both the R and S form of the compound): ##STR00001##
where A, B, C, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Z, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, W.sub.1, n, p and q are as defined herein.

Disclosed is a novel chiral synthesis of N-acyl-(3-substituted)-(8-substituted)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazines of Formula (I), avoiding the use of protection/deprotection steps.

Disclosed is a novel chiral synthesis of N-acyl-(3-substituted)-(8-substituted)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazines of Formula (I), avoiding the use of protection/deprotection steps.

The present invention relates to oligooxopiperazines that mimic helix αB of the C-terminal transactivation domain of HIF-1α. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing these oligooxopiperazines and methods of using these oligooxopiperazines (e.g., to reduce gene transcription, treat or prevent disorders mediated by interaction of HIF-1α with CREB-binding protein and/or p300, reduce or prevent angiogenesis in a tissue, induce apoptosis, and decrease cell survival and/or proliferation).