A compound represented by formula (I) or formula (II) has a pest control effect. (In the formulae, Q.sup.1 represents a pyrazine ring or the like; G.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom; X.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or the like; m represents the number of X.sup.1 moieties; A represents an oxygen atom or the like; Y represents a single bond or the like; Q.sup.2 represents a benzene ring or the like; X.sup.2 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or the like; X.sup.3 represents a halogeno group or the like; n represents the number of X.sup.3 moieties; Z.sup.q- represents a counter ion; and q represents 1 or 2.)

##STR00001##

A compound represented by formula (I) or formula (II) has a pest control effect. (In the formulae, Q.sup.1 represents a pyrazine ring or the like; G.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom; X.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or the like; m represents the number of X.sup.1 moieties; A represents an oxygen atom or the like; Y represents a single bond or the like; Q.sup.2 represents a benzene ring or the like; X.sup.2 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or the like; X.sup.3 represents a halogeno group or the like; n represents the number of X.sup.3 moieties; Z.sup.q- represents a counter ion; and q represents 1 or 2.)

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds that have zinc and/or iron ionophore activity and their use in treating diseases that are modulated by reducing zinc and/or iron. In particular embodiments, the compounds are compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds that have zinc and/or iron ionophore activity and their use in treating diseases that are modulated by reducing zinc and/or iron. In particular embodiments, the compounds are compounds of formula (I): ##STR00001##

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts 5 thereof:

##STR00001##

The compounds, compositions, methods and kits of the invention are useful for the treatment of pain, cough, itch, and neurogenic inflammation.

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts 5 thereof:

##STR00001##

The compounds, compositions, methods and kits of the invention are useful for the treatment of pain, cough, itch, and neurogenic inflammation.

This disclosure is directed, at least in part, to GPR40 agonists useful for the treatment of conditions or disorders involving the gut-brain axis. In some embodiments, the GPR40 agonists are gut-restricted compounds. In some embodiments, the GPR40 agonists are full agonists or partial agonists. In some embodiments, the condition or disorder is a metabolic disorder, such as diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a nutritional disorder such as short bowel syndrome.

A light-emitting device includes a hole blocking layer including one or more of compounds shown in following formula (1)a and formula (1)b.

##STR00001##

Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.11 are selected from H or R. R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each selected independently from deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitryl, amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.40 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.40 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.40 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.40 heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl, C.sub.5-C.sub.60 heteroaryl, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkoxy, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.40 alkylsilyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylsilyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkylboron, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylboron, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylphosphinylene, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 monoaryl or diaryl phosphino and C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylamino. R.sub.3 is selected from heterocyclyl and fused heterocyclyl.

A light-emitting device includes a hole blocking layer including one or more of compounds shown in following formula (1)a and formula (1)b.

##STR00001##

Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.11 are selected from H or R. R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each selected independently from deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitryl, amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.40 alkenyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.40 alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.40 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.40 heterocycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl, C.sub.5-C.sub.60 heteroaryl, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkoxy, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.40 alkylsilyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylsilyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkylboron, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylboron, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylphosphinylene, C.sub.6-C.sub.60 monoaryl or diaryl phosphino and C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylamino. R.sub.3 is selected from heterocyclyl and fused heterocyclyl.

The present invention relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical synthesis and development of drugs, and to a process for preparing cyclic 2-amino-1-one derivatives and to the reaction products and intermediates obtainable by this process. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions, in particular drugs or medicaments, comprising the cyclic 2-amino-1-one derivatives and to their use as medicaments, in particular in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diseases of the human or animal body, preferably of neurodegenerative diseases or psychiatric disorders.