Polymers of intrinsic microporosity are provided herein. Disclosed polymers of intrinsic microporosity include modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity that include negatively charged sites or crosslinking between monomer units. Systems making use of polymers of intrinsic microporosity and modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity are also described, such as electrochemical cells and ion separation systems. Methods for making and using polymers of intrinsic microporosity and modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity are also disclosed.

An organic compound represented by the following general formula is provided. ##STR00001## In the above formula (1), R.sub.11 to R.sub.15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom provided that at least one of R.sub.11, R.sub.13, and R.sub.15 represents the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group; and R.sub.11 to R.sub.15 may form a ring structure therebetween. R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group. In addition, R.sub.21 to R.sub.24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom and may form a ring structure therebetween. The above groups except the acyl group may be substituted when necessary.

An organic compound represented by the following general formula is provided. ##STR00001## In the above formula (1), R.sub.11 to R.sub.15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom provided that at least one of R.sub.11, R.sub.13, and R.sub.15 represents the alkoxy group or the aryloxy group; and R.sub.11 to R.sub.15 may form a ring structure therebetween. R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group. In addition, R.sub.21 to R.sub.24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an acyl group, or a halogen atom and may form a ring structure therebetween. The above groups except the acyl group may be substituted when necessary.

A rechargeable lithium-ion cell has a cell capacity and includes a positive electrode having a recharged potential and a negative electrode. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a charge-carrying electrolyte. The charge-carrying electrolyte includes a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a redox shuttle having the following structure Formula (I). ##STR00001##

A rechargeable lithium-ion cell has a cell capacity and includes a positive electrode having a recharged potential and a negative electrode. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a charge-carrying electrolyte. The charge-carrying electrolyte includes a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a redox shuttle having the following structure Formula (I). ##STR00001##

An organic molecule is disclosed having: A first chemical moiety with a structure of formula I, ##STR00001##
and Two second chemical moieties with a structure of formula II, ##STR00002##
wherein the first chemical moiety is linked to each of the two second chemical moieties via a single bond.

The present invention provides phenazine derivatives, such as compounds of Formula (I). The compounds of the invention are expected to be antimicrobial agents and may act by a microbial warfare strategy (e.g., a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based competition strategy). The present invention also provides compositions, kits, uses, and methods that involve the compounds of the invention, which may be useful in preventing or treating a microbial infection (e.g., a bacterial infection or mycobacterial infection) in a subject, inhibiting the growth and/or reproduction of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), killing a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), inhibiting the formation and/or growth of a biofilm, reducing or clearing a biofilm, and/or disinfecting a surface.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides phenazine derivatives, such as compounds of Formula (I). The compounds of the invention are expected to be antimicrobial agents and may act by a microbial warfare strategy (e.g., a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based competition strategy). The present invention also provides compositions, kits, uses, and methods that involve the compounds of the invention, which may be useful in preventing or treating a microbial infection (e.g., a bacterial infection or mycobacterial infection) in a subject, inhibiting the growth and/or reproduction of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), killing a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), inhibiting the formation and/or growth of a biofilm, reducing or clearing a biofilm, and/or disinfecting a surface.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds of Formula I useful as anti-infective agents. The present invention further relates to a method of treating an infection by administering such compounds, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds of Formula I useful as anti-infective agents. The present invention further relates to a method of treating an infection by administering such compounds, and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. ##STR00001##