The present invention provides novel phenazine derivatives, such as compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., Formulae (II)-(XIX)), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of the invention are expected to be antimicrobial agents and may act by a microbial warfare strategy (e.g., a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based competition strategy). The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, kits, uses, and methods that involve the compounds of the invention and may be useful in preventing or treating a microbial infection (e.g., a bacterial infection or mycobacterial infection) in a subject, inhibiting the growth and/or reproduction of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), killing a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), inhibiting the formation and/or growth of a biofilm, reducing or clearing a biofilm, and/or disinfecting a surface.

The present invention provides novel phenazine derivatives, such as compounds of Formula (I) (e.g., Formulae (II)-(XIX)), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of the invention are expected to be antimicrobial agents and may act by a microbial warfare strategy (e.g., a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based competition strategy). The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, kits, uses, and methods that involve the compounds of the invention and may be useful in preventing or treating a microbial infection (e.g., a bacterial infection or mycobacterial infection) in a subject, inhibiting the growth and/or reproduction of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), killing a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium or mycobacterium), inhibiting the formation and/or growth of a biofilm, reducing or clearing a biofilm, and/or disinfecting a surface.

Compounds for use as photoredox catalysts and as redox shuttles in a rechargeable battery having a high-voltage cathode providing overcharge protection capabilities are provided, including a compound according to the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkoxyaryl, alkylcarboxyl, aryl carbonyl, haloalkyl, perfluoroalkyl, glycols, haloaryl, a negative electrolyte, and a polymer.

Compounds for use as photoredox catalysts and as redox shuttles in a rechargeable battery having a high-voltage cathode providing overcharge protection capabilities are provided, including a compound according to the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkoxyaryl, alkylcarboxyl, aryl carbonyl, haloalkyl, perfluoroalkyl, glycols, haloaryl, a negative electrolyte, and a polymer.

A high-efficiency near-infrared emitting organic EL device may be provided, using a compound represented by the following general formula. At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is *-Ar-D, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 bond to each other to form an aromatic ring having D. D represents a donor group, and Ar represents an arylene group.

A high-efficiency near-infrared emitting organic EL device may be provided, using a compound represented by the following general formula. At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is *-Ar-D, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 bond to each other to form an aromatic ring having D. D represents a donor group, and Ar represents an arylene group.

The present invention relates to an oligomer-based organic battery materials, cathode active material, cathode and secondary battery comprising such material, and a process for preparing such materials.

A non-aqueous redox flow battery includes a catholyte including a compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 are independently O, S, SO, S(O).sub.2, Se, NR.sup.11, or PR.sup.11; The compounds of the present technology are capable of undergoing a reversible two-electron transfer process, thus leading to high efficiency of molecular design and an increase in the overall energy density.

A non-aqueous redox flow battery includes a catholyte including a compound of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 are independently O, S, SO, S(O).sub.2, Se, NR.sup.11, or PR.sup.11; The compounds of the present technology are capable of undergoing a reversible two-electron transfer process, thus leading to high efficiency of molecular design and an increase in the overall energy density.

A P-type dopant is provided, which is a planar aromatic compound having different numbers of fluorine atoms and cyano groups connected at a periphery thereof, and allows adjustment of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and effectively increases luminous efficiency of a light emitting layer. Moreover, an organic light emitting diode is disclosed, including an anode, a cathode, and a light emitting structure located between the anode and the cathode, wherein a hole injecting layer of the light emitting structure is a hole injecting layer including the P-type dopant described above.