This disclosure relates to use of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) phenolics in the manufacture of molecules having ESIPT character, wherein said molecules are UVA and/or UVB absorbers, and further wherein said molecules are formulated as protectants against UVA and/or UVB radiation. The disclosure extends to use of CNSL in the manufacture of compositions including molecules having ESIPT character for treating and/or preventing sunburn and/or preventing U.V. damage.

A thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material is provided. The TADF material has a form in which an electron donating group and an electron withdrawing group are connected to benzene and the electron withdrawing group is position in an ortho position to the electron donating group.

A thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material is provided. The TADF material has a form in which an electron donating group and an electron withdrawing group are connected to benzene and the electron withdrawing group is position in an ortho position to the electron donating group.

A thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material is provided. The TADF material has a form in which an electron donating group and an electron withdrawing group are connected to benzene and the electron withdrawing group is position in an ortho position to the electron donating group.

A thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material is provided. The TADF material has a form in which an electron donating group and an electron withdrawing group are connected to benzene and the electron withdrawing group is position in an ortho position to the electron donating group.

The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (DICAT) comprising reacting 4-bromoanisole with magnesium, and reacting the resulting Grignard reagent with cyanuric chloride, wherein the magnesium comprises additional metals as impurities in an amount of less than 0.027% by weight, based on the total weight of the magnesium.

An organic electroluminescent element which has a substrate, a pair of electrodes disposed on this substrate and composed of an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic layer disposed between these electrodes and including a light-emitting layer, and in which a compound expressed by General Formula 1-1 is contained in at least one layer of the aforementioned light-emitting layer(s) exhibits high luminous efficiency, excellent blue color purity, and little change in chromaticity accompanying drive deterioration. (R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 [each] represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 is a substituent expressed by General Formula 1-2; however, a pyrene skeleton is never contained in R.sup.1 to R.sup.10; the asterisk indicates the bonding position with a pyrene ring; X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 [each] represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, and at least one of X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 is a nitrogen atom; R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 [each] represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 is an alkyl group or a silyl group; however, if X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 represent nitrogen atoms, there is no R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 bonded on these nitrogen atoms.) ##STR00001##

An organic electroluminescent element which has a substrate, a pair of electrodes disposed on this substrate and composed of an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic layer disposed between these electrodes and including a light-emitting layer, and in which a compound expressed by General Formula 1-1 is contained in at least one layer of the aforementioned light-emitting layer(s) exhibits high luminous efficiency, excellent blue color purity, and little change in chromaticity accompanying drive deterioration. (R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 [each] represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 is a substituent expressed by General Formula 1-2; however, a pyrene skeleton is never contained in R.sup.1 to R.sup.10; the asterisk indicates the bonding position with a pyrene ring; X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 [each] represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, and at least one of X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 is a nitrogen atom; R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 [each] represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 is an alkyl group or a silyl group; however, if X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 represent nitrogen atoms, there is no R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 bonded on these nitrogen atoms.) ##STR00001##

A composition including a first compound represented by a combination of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, and a second compound represented by Chemical Formula 3, an organic optoelectronic device, and a display device are related.

In Chemical Formula 1 to Chemical Formula 3, each substituent is the same as described in the specification.

Provided are compounds having a first ligand L.sub.A of Formula I

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Also provided are formulations comprising these compounds. Further provided are OLEDs and related consumer products that utilize these compounds.