Provided is a tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and/or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor compound for use in medicine, which compound comprises the following formula (I): wherein X.sup.1 is selected from C and N; X.sup.3 and X.sup.5 may be the same or different and each is independently selected from C, N, O and S; Y is selected from N and O; Z is selected from C, N and O; each bond represented by a dotted line may independently be a double bond or a single bond, provided that valencies at each ring atom are maintained and provided that the ring Q contains at least one double bond and provided that the atom N has a double bond; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 may be present or absent and may be the same or different and each is independently selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group, provided that the number of R.sup.3 groups present is such that the valency of X.sup.3 is maintained, and the number of R.sup.5 groups present is such that the valency of X.sup.5 is maintained; each R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be present or absent and may be the same or different and each is independently selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group, provided that the number of R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 groups present is such that the valency of Z is maintained; R.sup.21 is selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group; R.sup.22 may be present or absent and is selected from H and a substituted or unsubstituted organic group; and Cy is a cyclic organic group.

##STR00001##

A composition including copper(I) 5-nitrotetrazolate, wherein the composition has a carbon content of less than 7 weight percent, based on a total weight of the copper(I) 5-nitrotetrazolate.

The present invention relates to a novel method of synthesis of copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate. Particularly, for the synthesis of the copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate, the present invention uses a suitable salt of 5-aminotetrazole, preferably the sulfate or the nitrate salt as the starting compound. The selection of the said starting chemical not only eliminates any safety issue arising during Sandmeyer reaction conditions to affect the functional group conversion but also greatly improves the ease of executing the synthetic protocol, rendering the process safe to be adopted for commercial manufacture of the copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate compound.

The present invention relates to a novel method of synthesis of copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate. Particularly, for the synthesis of the copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate, the present invention uses a suitable salt of 5-aminotetrazole, preferably the sulfate or the nitrate salt as the starting compound. The selection of the said starting chemical not only eliminates any safety issue arising during Sandmeyer reaction conditions to affect the functional group conversion but also greatly improves the ease of executing the synthetic protocol, rendering the process safe to be adopted for commercial manufacture of the copper (I) 5-nitrotetrazolate compound.

Compounds represented by formulae I, II, III, and IV including pro-drugs for treprostinil and prostacyclin analogs. Uses include treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The structures of the compounds can be adapted to the particular application for a suitable treatment dosage. Transdermal applications can be used.

Compounds represented by formulae I, II, III, and IV including pro-drugs for treprostinil and prostacyclin analogs. Uses include treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The structures of the compounds can be adapted to the particular application for a suitable treatment dosage. Transdermal applications can be used.

A novel amino acid derivative is provided, wherein the amino acid derivative is expected to improve solubility of polypeptides comprising the derivative therein.

This disclosure shows the ability of a readily-available oxidizer to achieve oxidation of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole (5-AT) to 5-nitrotetrazole (5-NT) in high yields in a single pot synthesis. This strategy reduces the synthesis of this important energetic material down to a single step and eliminates highly sensitive diazonium and copper salt primary explosive intermediates. The overall yield of this process is 48-53% and the resultant aqueous solution of product effectively used for the preparation of nitrotetrazole-containing primary explosive DBX-1. Unlike current methods of nitrotetrazole preparation, the novel method is entirely solution-based and prepares a final solution of sodium nitrotetrazolate, never once needing to handle energetic intermediates or products, making it a much safer method of nitrotetrazole preparation.

This disclosure shows the ability of a readily-available oxidizer to achieve oxidation of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole (5-AT) to 5-nitrotetrazole (5-NT) in high yields in a single pot synthesis. This strategy reduces the synthesis of this important energetic material down to a single step and eliminates highly sensitive diazonium and copper salt primary explosive intermediates. The overall yield of this process is 48-53% and the resultant aqueous solution of product effectively used for the preparation of nitrotetrazole-containing primary explosive DBX-1. Unlike current methods of nitrotetrazole preparation, the novel method is entirely solution-based and prepares a final solution of sodium nitrotetrazolate, never once needing to handle energetic intermediates or products, making it a much safer method of nitrotetrazole preparation.

Arylcarboxamides of the general formula (I) are described as herbicides.

##STR00001##

In this formula (I), IV, X, Y and Z represent radicals such as alkyl and halogen.