The present disclosure relates to novel compounds, methods, and compositions capable of binding to PCSK9, thereby modulating PCSK9 proprotein convertase enzyme activity, for treatment of a disease or condition mediated, at least in part, by PCSK9. The compounds of the disclosure include compounds Formula (I). ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds, methods, and compositions capable of binding to PCSK9, thereby modulating PCSK9 proprotein convertase enzyme activity, for treatment of a disease or condition mediated, at least in part, by PCSK9. The compounds of the disclosure include compounds Formula (I). ##STR00001##

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention comprise functionalized lactone derivatives having a disease-modifying action in the treatment of diseases associated with dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 activity.

Provided herein are nickel(O) catalysts that are stable when exposed to air and can be used to catalyze the formation of a CC, CO, or CN bond.

Provided herein are nickel(O) catalysts that are stable when exposed to air and can be used to catalyze the formation of a CC, CO, or CN bond.

The disclosure relates to a method for forming aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds and to photoreactors useful in these and other light-driven reactions. The method comprises contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a Ni salt catalyst solution and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction condition sufficient to produce the aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the amine may be present in a molar excess to the aryl halide. In certain embodiments, the Ni salt catalyst solution includes a Ni(II) salt and a polar solvent, wherein the Ni(II) salt is dissolved in the polar solvent. In certain embodiments, the reactions conditions include holding the reaction mixture at between about room temperature and about 80 C. for between about 1 hour and about 20 hours such that at least about 50% yield is obtained.

The disclosure relates to a method for forming aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds and to photoreactors useful in these and other light-driven reactions. The method comprises contacting an aryl halide with an amine in the presence of a Ni salt catalyst solution and an optional base, thereby forming a reaction mixture; exposing the reaction mixture to light under reaction condition sufficient to produce the aryl carbon-nitrogen bonds. In certain embodiments, the amine may be present in a molar excess to the aryl halide. In certain embodiments, the Ni salt catalyst solution includes a Ni(II) salt and a polar solvent, wherein the Ni(II) salt is dissolved in the polar solvent. In certain embodiments, the reactions conditions include holding the reaction mixture at between about room temperature and about 80 C. for between about 1 hour and about 20 hours such that at least about 50% yield is obtained.

The present invention concerns: a plant growth-promoting agent comprising a compound represented by Formula (I) or a salt thereof: ##STR00001## wherein Ar.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, NZ represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring group or an acyclic nitrogen-containing group having a partial structure of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring group, n is 0, 1, or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-3-alkyl group, a cyano group, or a carboxyl group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form an oxo group, and when n is 2, R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 may be the same or different; and a method for promoting plant growth using the plant growth-promoting agent.

The present invention concerns: a plant growth-promoting agent comprising a compound represented by Formula (I) or a salt thereof: ##STR00001## wherein Ar.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, NZ represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring group or an acyclic nitrogen-containing group having a partial structure of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring group, n is 0, 1, or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-3-alkyl group, a cyano group, or a carboxyl group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together form an oxo group, and when n is 2, R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 may be the same or different; and a method for promoting plant growth using the plant growth-promoting agent.