Compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

are disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Methods of treating neurological or psychiatric disorders in a patient in need are also disclosed. Such disorders include depression, bipolar disorder, pain, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, addiction, social disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, an anxiety disorder, autism, a cognitive impairment, or a neuropsychiatric symptom such as apathy, depression, anxiety, psychosis, aggression, agitation, impulse control disorders, and sleep disorders in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

are disclosed, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. Methods of treating neurological or psychiatric disorders in a patient in need are also disclosed. Such disorders include depression, bipolar disorder, pain, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, addiction, social disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, an anxiety disorder, autism, a cognitive impairment, or a neuropsychiatric symptom such as apathy, depression, anxiety, psychosis, aggression, agitation, impulse control disorders, and sleep disorders in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Methods are provided for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients bearing mutations in the LRRK2 gene. A therapeutically effective amount of piperazine derivative compounds are employed to inhibit the biological activity of ArfGAP1, inhibition that counteracts the deleterious effects of mutations in, or increased expression of, the LRRK2 protein.

Methods are provided for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients bearing mutations in the LRRK2 gene. A therapeutically effective amount of piperazine derivative compounds are employed to inhibit the biological activity of ArfGAP1, inhibition that counteracts the deleterious effects of mutations in, or increased expression of, the LRRK2 protein.

Compounds that inhibit p38? MAPK protein, and methods of using the same, are provided for treating or preventing diseases such as cancer or inflammatory diseases.

The present invention relates to a process for producing an organic compound comprising an .sup.18F atom. The compounds comprising an .sup.18F can be useful as PET ligands for use in diagnostics and/or scanning. The process of the invention comprises treating an organoboron compound, which organoboron compound comprises a boron atom bonded to an sp.sup.2 hybridized carbon atom, with (i) .sup.18F and (ii) a copper compound. The invention also provides the use of an organoboron compound, which organoboron compound comprises a boron atom bonded to an sp.sup.2 hybridized carbon atom, in a process for producing an organic compound comprising an .sup.18F atom, which process comprises treating the organoboron compound with (i).sup.18F and (ii) a copper compound. The invention also provides a compound of formula (XXXVII): wherein: each PG.sup.A is independently H or an alcohol protecting group; PG.sup.B is H or a carboxylic acid protecting group; each PG.sup.C is independently an amine protecting group; Z is a group selected from a boronic ester group, a boronic acid group, a borate group, and a trifluoroborate group; and a is an integer from 0 to 4. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for producing an organic compound comprising an .sup.18F atom. The compounds comprising an .sup.18F can be useful as PET ligands for use in diagnostics and/or scanning. The process of the invention comprises treating an organoboron compound, which organoboron compound comprises a boron atom bonded to an sp.sup.2 hybridized carbon atom, with (i) .sup.18F and (ii) a copper compound. The invention also provides the use of an organoboron compound, which organoboron compound comprises a boron atom bonded to an sp.sup.2 hybridized carbon atom, in a process for producing an organic compound comprising an .sup.18F atom, which process comprises treating the organoboron compound with (i).sup.18F and (ii) a copper compound. The invention also provides a compound of formula (XXXVII): wherein: each PG.sup.A is independently H or an alcohol protecting group; PG.sup.B is H or a carboxylic acid protecting group; each PG.sup.C is independently an amine protecting group; Z is a group selected from a boronic ester group, a boronic acid group, a borate group, and a trifluoroborate group; and a is an integer from 0 to 4. ##STR00001##

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds, methods, and compositions capable of binding to PCSK9, thereby modulating PCSK9 proprotein convertase enzyme activity. The compounds of the disclosure include compounds Formula (I).

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds, methods, and compositions capable of binding to PCSK9, thereby modulating PCSK9 proprotein convertase enzyme activity. The compounds of the disclosure include compounds Formula (I).

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing radiofluorinated substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and alkenyl compounds. In a preferred embodiment, potassium fluoride-18 is used. Another aspect of the invention relates to piperazine compounds containing fluorine-18 that are useful as imaging agents. In certain embodiments, the piperazine compounds contain a quaternary amine. Another aspect of the invention relates to arylphosphonium compounds containing fluorine-18 that are useful as imaging agents. In certain embodiments, the phosphonium compound is a tetraaryl phosphonium salt. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of obtaining a positron emission image of a mammal, comprising the steps of administering to a mammal a compound of the invention, and acquiring a positron emission spectrum of the mammal.