Disclosed are compounds of formula (I):

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and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of the invention are BDII-selective inhibitors of BET proteins, and have therapeutic potential for treating cancer, acute kidney disease, and viral infections, among other diseases.

Disclosed are novel compounds of Chemical Formula 1, optical isomers of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or the optical isomers. The compounds, isomers, and salts exhibit excellent activity as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In particular, they, as GLP-1 receptor agonists, exhibit excellent glucose tolerance, thus having a great potential to be used as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. Moreover, they exhibit excellent pharmacological safety for cardiovascular systems.

The compounds of Formula I is described herein along with their polymorphs, stereoisomers, tautomers, prodrugs, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds described herein, their polymorphs, stereoisomers, tautomers, prodrugs, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are bicyclic compounds that are inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction/activation. ##STR00001##

The compounds of Formula I is described herein along with their polymorphs, stereoisomers, tautomers, prodrugs, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds described herein, their polymorphs, stereoisomers, tautomers, prodrugs, solvates, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are bicyclic compounds that are inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction/activation. ##STR00001##

In one aspect, compounds of Formula A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are featured (Formula A) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables shown in Formula A can be as defined anywhere herein.

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A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R.sub.2CH.sub.2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

A method of preparing a 2,6 disubstituted anilines includes, reacting a 2-amino isophthalic acid diester with sufficient Grignard reagent R.sub.2CH.sub.2MgX to form the corresponding diol product, dehydrating the diol product to the corresponding dialkene; and hydrogenating the diol product to form the corresponding aniline. The 2,6 disubstituted anilines can be used to produce N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). The NHCs can find application in various fields such as organic synthesis, catalysis and macromolecular chemistry. Palladium catalysts containing the NHCs are also described.

Disclosed are TRPM8 modulators as defined by formula (I) for achieving a cooling effect on skin and mucosa.

Disclosed are TRPM8 modulators as defined by formula (I) for achieving a cooling effect on skin and mucosa.

The invention provides compounds of formula (I) or (II) and tautomers and salts thereof, wherein variables are as described in the specification, as well as compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) or (II) or a tautomer or salt thereof, methods of making a compound of formula (I) or (II) or a tautomer or salt thereof, and methods of using a compound of formula (I) or (II) or a tautomer or salt thereof as, e.g., inhibitors of bacterial RNA polymerase or as antibacterial agents. ##STR00001##