Disclosed are a monomer for a hardmask composition represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, a hardmask composition including the monomer, and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition. ##STR00001## In the above Chemical Formula 1, A, A′ , X, Y, I, m and n are the same as described in the detailed description.

The present invention provides a novel dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor which is applicable to various diseases. When used as an active ingredient, a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
(wherein X represents a halogen atom, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents —CHO, and R.sup.4 represents —CH.sub.2—CH═C(CH.sub.3)—R.sup.0 (wherein R.sup.0 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent on the terminal carbon and/or on a non-terminal carbon, etc.)),
an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has a high inhibitory effect on dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase and can be used as an immunosuppressive agent, a therapeutic agent for rheumatism, an anticancer agent, a therapeutic agent for graft rejection, an antiviral agent, an anti-H. pylori agent, a therapeutic agent for diabetes or the like.

The present invention provides a novel dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor which is applicable to various diseases. When used as an active ingredient, a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
(wherein X represents a halogen atom, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents —CHO, and R.sup.4 represents —CH.sub.2—CH═C(CH.sub.3)—R.sup.0 (wherein R.sup.0 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent on the terminal carbon and/or on a non-terminal carbon, etc.)),
an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has a high inhibitory effect on dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase and can be used as an immunosuppressive agent, a therapeutic agent for rheumatism, an anticancer agent, a therapeutic agent for graft rejection, an antiviral agent, an anti-H. pylori agent, a therapeutic agent for diabetes or the like.

A phenol derivative of the present invention has a structure as represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

The functional groups are defined in the description. The phenol derivative can be used as the antioxidant in lubricating oil, lubricating grease, plastic, rubber, or can be used as the base oil of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease and the antiwear additive of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease.

A phenol derivative of the present invention has a structure as represented by the formula (I):

##STR00001##

The functional groups are defined in the description. The phenol derivative can be used as the antioxidant in lubricating oil, lubricating grease, plastic, rubber, or can be used as the base oil of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease and the antiwear additive of the lubricating oil and the lubricating grease.

Decalin derivative compounds of formula (I) are provided, including processes for preparation thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions including the decalin derivative compounds. Methods are provided for treating blood related disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, in a subject in need thereof using a compound of formula (I).

##STR00001##

The present invention provides: a compound that has a low melting point and is capable of forming a film of high hydrophobicity, and a composition containing this compound. The compound of the present invention is represented by chemical formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total number of carbons of in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 14-34, X is a single bond or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and A is —O—CH.sub.2—CH(OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2—OH).sub.2.)

The present invention provides: a compound that has a low melting point and is capable of forming a film of high hydrophobicity, and a composition containing this compound. The compound of the present invention is represented by chemical formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a C.sub.1-C.sub.33 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the total number of carbons of in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is 14-34, X is a single bond or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and A is —O—CH.sub.2—CH(OH)—CH.sub.2OH or —O—CH(—CH.sub.2—OH).sub.2.)

Decalin derivative compounds of formula (I) are provided, including processes for preparation thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions including the decalin derivative compounds. Methods are provided for treating blood related disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, in a subject in need thereof using a compound of formula (I). ##STR00001##

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:

X-A-Y-L-R  (I)

which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.